Extinction of a gomphothere population from Southeastern Brazil: Taphonomic, paleoecological and chronological remarks

Avilla, Leonardo dos Santos; Figueiredo, Ana Maria Graciano; Kinoshita, Ângela; Bertoni-Machado, Cristina; Mothé, Dimila; Asevedo, Lidiane; Baffa, Oswaldo; Dominato, Victor Hugo

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2012.09.015

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…7 ka ago [110][111][112]. These estimates largely post-date our obtained timing for the giant anteater's population expansion, but a local extinction (death event) of a gomphothere population in the Águas de Araxá of the CE biome occurred about 55 ka ago [113].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Integrative Phylogeography Reveals Conservation Priorities for the Giant Anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla in Brazil

et al. 2022

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The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a strictly myrmecophagous xenarthran species that ranges from Honduras to northern Argentina, occupying various habitats, from grassland and floodplains to forests. According to the IUCN, it is a vulnerable species mainly threatened by poaching, habitat loss and fragmentation, and road kills. Here, we investigate the phylogeography, distribution, ecology, and historical demography of Brazilian populations of the giant anteater. We analysed two mitochondrial (mtDNA) and three nuclear (nDNA) markers in 106 individuals from the Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest, and Amazon Forest biomes through analyses of population structure and demography, phylogeography, and ecological niche modelling. Two divergent mtDNA clusters were found, one in the Amazon (AM) and another in the Cerrado, Pantanal, and Atlantic Forest biomes (CEPTAF). At the population level, CEPTAF presented higher mtDNA haplotype richness than AM and a unidirectional mtDNA gene flow was identified from AM to CEPTAF, which could be linked to more favourable habitat conditions for the species in Cerrado and Pantanal. Paleodemographic reconstructions with mtDNA and nDNA data indicate a large population expansion of the species starting at the end of the Pleistocene. Finally, the integrative phylogeographic analyses of giant anteater populations reinforce the importance of the Brazilian Cerrado as a priority biome for the species’ conservation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Integrative Phylogeography Reveals Conservation Priorities for the Giant Anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla in Brazil

et al. 2022

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“…Even though two hypotheses (climatic change and human action) are frequently evoked to explain South American megafauna extinction, the causal mechanism for the extinction of N. platensis is still under discussion. There is currently only one study suggesting a climatic cause for the extinction of Notiomastodon platensis, but this is an earlier (~60 ka) extirpation, possibly not related to the extinction of proboscideans in the Pleistoce-neeHolocene transition (Avilla et al, 2013). However, that event is consistent with a hypothesis that the sum of several regional disappearances along the Late Pleistocene led to the extinction of proboscideans in South America (Ficcarelli et al, 1997).…”

Section: Origin Chronostratigraphy and Extinctionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Thus, this indicates that Notiomastodon platensis was present, at least, by the Early Pleistocene (Ensenadan) in South America (Soibelzon, 2008). Although N. platensis is recorded continuously from the Early Pleistocene to earliest Holocene (11 ± 6 ka; Dantas et al, 2013), most remains are from the Late Pleistocene, such as those from the Aguas de Arax a assemblage (60 ± 5 ka; Simpson and Paula Couto, 1957;Avilla et al, 2013), Chuí Creek, in Southern Brazil (44 ± 3 ka, 52 ± 7 and 80 ± 10 ka, Lopes et al, 2013), Tanque Loma (23.4e18 ka; Lindsey and Lopez, 2015), Quebrada Colorada, Chimborazo, in Ecuador (41.0e40.0 ka; Rom an-Carri on, unpublished results), Monte Verde (11.8 ± 200 ka and 13.5 ± 250 ka; Dillehay, 1989;Labarca Encina and Alberdi, 2011;Recabarren et al, 2014), Nochaco, Regi on de Los Lagos (16.1 ± 750 ka, Recabarren et al, 2014) and Mupulmo, Osorno, in Chile (18,700 ± 900 ka; Recabarren et al, 2014).…”

Section: Origin Chronostratigraphy and Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sixty years after ‘The mastodonts of Brazil’: The state of the art of South American proboscideans (Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae)

Mothé

Avilla

Asevedo

et al. 2017

Quaternary International

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American Biotic Interchange. They are not sister-taxa e Cuvieronius hyodon is sister-taxon of Rhynchotherium, and this clade is closer to Notiomastodon platensis than to the other proboscideans, supporting the hypothesis of independent origins. Notiomastodon platensis has a continuous record from the Early Pleistocene to Early Holocene, when it became extinct, probably due to synergy of human impact and climatic changes during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition. In contrast, extinction of Cuvieronius hyodon happened much earlier, and it was not related to the terminal Pleistocene event that lead the extinction of selected megafauna in South America, including Notiomastodon.

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“…The records of Notiomastodon platensis are distributed from the Ensenadan (early Pleistocene) to the early Holocene and occur all over the South American continent, with more than 140 localities, but there are no records in Bolivia, Guyana, French Guyana and Suriname (Prado et al, 2005;Avilla et al, 2013;Dantas et al, 2013;Mothé et al, in press). In this study, we describe the first record of Notiomastodon platensis in the department of Tarija, Bolivia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First record of Notiomastodon platensis (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from Bolívia

Mothé

Aguanta

Belatto

et al. 2017

Rev. bras. paleontol.

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-Proboscideans are common constituents of the Quaternary megafauna in South America and their remains have been recovered over the entire continent; however, the records of Notiomastodon platensis are unknown in Bolivia, Guyana, French Guyana and Suriname. In this study, we describe the first record of Notiomastodon platensis from Bolivia. A N. platensis upper tusk was found in the Gran Chaco province, Tarija, a region widely known by its Quaternary megafauna, especially of the proboscidean Cuvieronius hyodon. The geographic distribution of both proboscideans suggests that they did not occur in sympatry, probably due to competitive exclusion (similar mixed-feeding diet) during the middle-late Pleistocene.

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Extinction of a gomphothere population from Southeastern Brazil: Taphonomic, paleoecological and chronological remarks

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Integrative Phylogeography Reveals Conservation Priorities for the Giant Anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla in Brazil

Integrative Phylogeography Reveals Conservation Priorities for the Giant Anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla in Brazil

Sixty years after ‘The mastodonts of Brazil’: The state of the art of South American proboscideans (Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae)

First record of Notiomastodon platensis (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from Bolívia

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