External Vision Systems (XVS) proof-of-concept flight test evaluation

Shelton, Kevin J.; Williams, Steven P.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Arthur, Jarvis J.; Prinzel, Lawrence J.; Bailey, Randall E.

doi:10.1117/12.2048395

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The cockpit itself then is located behind the passenger cabin and utilizes an external vision system to enable standard aircraft operations. 56 Entry and exit to the cockpit are via a crew area aft of the cockpit. This room is accessed via a single small isle to the left side of the aircraft.…”

Section: Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual aerodynamic design of an executive supersonic passenger aircraft – ESPA

Lawrence

Hutchinson

Joiner

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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Despite 50 years of technological advancement since the inception of Concorde, research on supersonic passenger aircraft has only recently resulted in design and flight test of several small 12- to 55-passenger business jets with supersonic cruises between Mach 1.2 and 2.2. Analytical research designs of larger 300-passenger aircraft have been conducted only to speeds of Mach 2.0 and 2.2, mainly avoiding moving beyond turbojet propulsion. This research extends on an earlier multifactor regression sizing study to determine in greater design detail what the configuration of a 200-passenger Mach 3.0 aircraft could be using extant technology. This research article is the first part of two and covers the conceptual aircraft design evolution focussing on the aerodynamics, wing and fuselage. In contrast, the second article covers engine conceptual design and placement. Wing shape optimization is performed using fundamental CFD analysis to arrive at a configuration suitable for both subsonic and supersonic flight. Noise considerations and shock wave formation drive further design iterations based on the research literature. The viability of this research design informs a future multidisciplinary optimization like those recently published in the literature for smaller supersonic business jets.

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Section: Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual aerodynamic design of an executive supersonic passenger aircraft – ESPA

Lawrence

Hutchinson

Joiner

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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“…However, this value only gives a rough guideline as many humans have better than 20∕20 vision and hyperacuity allows us to discriminate details up to 10 arc seconds in certain constellations. Bailey et al 31,32 tested these theoretical values in a flight test campaign of an XVS, which should fully replace the pilots' natural out-the-window view by cameras and monitors. They concluded that their system with 63 ppd and 51 deg × 30 deg FOV did not achieve equivalent visual capability in see-and-avoid and see-to-follow scenarios.…”

Section: Limitations and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Cockpit: an immersive head-worn display as human–machine interface for helicopter operations

et al. 2019

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Increasing the pilot's situational awareness is a major goal for the design of next-generation aircraft cockpits. A fundamental problem is posed by the pilot's out-the-window view, which is often degraded due to adverse weather, darkness, or the aircraft structure itself. A common approach to this problem is to generate an enhanced model of the surroundings via aircraft-mounted sensors and databases containing terrain and obstacle information. In the helicopter domain, the resulting picture of the environment is then presented to the pilot either via a panel-mounted display or via a see-through head-worn display. We investigate a third method for information display. The concept-called Virtual Cockpit-applies a nonsee-through head-worn display. With such a virtual reality display, advantages of established synthetic and enhanced vision systems can be combined while existing limitations can be overcome. In addition to a theoretical discussion of advantages and drawbacks, two practical implementation examples of this concept are shown for helicopter offshore operations. Two human factors studies were conducted in a simulation environment based on the game engine Unity. They prove the general potential of the Virtual Cockpit to become a candidate for a future cockpit in the long term.

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“…Previous XVS flight tests (Ref. 5) have shown that resolution is one determinate of traffic visual acquisition performance, but image contrast can be as important, if not more so. Traffic detection, among many other factors, is determined by the relative contrast between the traffic and the background in which the traffic is viewed.…”

Section: Research Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Flight Testing of an eXternal Vision System (XVS) for the Low Boom Flight Demonstrator (LBFD)

Kramer

Williams

Arthur

et al. 2018

2018 Flight Testing Conference

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NASA will design an eXternal Vision System (XVS) that, with other aircraft systems and subsystems, will ensure safe and efficient operations in all phases of flight for its Low Boom Flight Demonstrator vehicle. XVS is a combination of display, sensor, and computing technologies, creating an electronic means of forward visibility for the pilot. A flight test was performed evaluating a preliminary design of an XVS to quantify, by direct comparison, the ability of a pilot using an XVS to see and recognize airborne traffic compared to that of a pilot using forward-facing windows during challenging see-and-avoid scenarios. The data showed that the XVS and forward-facing windows were essentially equivalent in detecting and recognizing incurring traffic aircraft. The data also showed that the pilot using the XVS could see and recognize the incurring traffic at no less than 0.7 nm prior to the pilot using the forward-facing windows. The performance of the XVS was dependent upon the application of image contrast enhancement. Recommendations for future improvements were captured from evaluation pilot commentary.

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External Vision Systems (XVS) proof-of-concept flight test evaluation

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Conceptual aerodynamic design of an executive supersonic passenger aircraft – ESPA

Conceptual aerodynamic design of an executive supersonic passenger aircraft – ESPA

Virtual Cockpit: an immersive head-worn display as human–machine interface for helicopter operations

Initial Flight Testing of an eXternal Vision System (XVS) for the Low Boom Flight Demonstrator (LBFD)

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