External uncertainty and entry mode choice: Cultural distance, political risk and language diversity

The motives and performance of cross-border acquirers from emerging economies: Comparison between Chinese and Indian firms

“…Indeed the internationalization process can be more or less time-consuming, difficult and expensive depending on factors such as geographical, psychic or cultural distance and institutional constraints (Barkema, Bell, & Pennings, 1996;Boateng & Glaister, 2003;Luo & Tung, 2007). For instance, a large body of literature suggests that cultural distance is relevant to cross-border acquisition performance (Antia, Lin, & Pantzalis, 2007;Aybar & Ficici, 2009;Brock, 2005;He, Bin, & Chen, 2008;López-Duarte & Vidal-Suárez, 2010;Malhotra, Sivakumar, & Zhu, 2011;Morosini, 1998;Morosini, Shane, & Singh, 1998;Steigner & Sutton, 2011). Most MNEs use cross-border acquisitions as a fast and easy way to acquire strategic assets and enter new markets, but we argue that this ease of access is much greater for Indian bidders than for Chinese companies.…”

“…Although this mode of entry is considered as being the quickest, easiest and most preferable means to access new marketing network and potential customers (Belderbos, 2003;Chen & Findlay, 2003;Deng, 2007;Deng, 2009;Li, 2007;Wang & Boateng, 2007), the process can be more or less difficult and expensive depending on firm-specific and country-specific (dis)advantages (Barkema, et al, 1996;Boateng & Glaister, 2003;Luo & Tung, 2007). The extant literature mentions the relevance of cultural distance in cross-border acquisition performance (Antia, et al, 2007;Aybar & Ficici, 2009;Brock, 2005;He, et al, 2008;López-Duarte & Vidal-Suárez, 2010;Malhotra, et al, 2011;Morosini, 1998;Morosini, et al, 1998;Steigner & Sutton, 2011). Indeed, cross-border acquisitions are subject to liabilities of foreignness (Zaheer, 1995) that can hinder the realization of intended synergies (Brock, 2005).…”

When distance is good: A construal level perspective on perceptions of inclusive international language use

“…Hence, despite that conceptual articles have called for an understanding of how working virtually affects perceptions of organizations and their members, little has been done to empirically explore this field (Wilson et al, 2013;Wilson, O'Leary, Metiu, & Jett, 2008). Second, language and language management is still a developing theme in international business (Brannen, Piekkari, & TIetze, 2014;Lopez-Duarte & Vidal-Suarez, 2010). Thus, Piekkari and Tietze (2011) maintain that there is yet little common thrust in developing research agendas on linguistic issues.…”

The role of networking and commitment in foreign market entry process: Multinational corporations in the Chinese automobile industry

“…Since internationalization process model (Johanson and Vahlne, 1977), there has been a large body of literature in the foreign market entry and business networking of multinational corporations (MNCs); most studies have demonstrated that resource commitment, learning, and trust in the foreign markets is facilitated by developing relationships with the local business actors, helping MNCs settle down in the host markets (Zaheer, 1995;Lopez-Duarte and Vidal-Suarez, 2010). Nevertheless, it still remains unclear that whether networking with the local actors influences the speed of entry and the internationalization process as a whole or not.…”