“…Where some researchers investigated, experimentally and analytically, the influence of pitch deviations on the loading capacity of spur gears (Franulovic, Markovic, Vrcan, & Soban, 2017). On the other hand, the external spur gear root bending stress studied using ANSYS finite element analysis and strain gauge techniques (Lisle, Shaw, & Frazer, 2017). Recently an optimization variables consisted of the gear module, the face width, the pinion and wheel profile shift coefficients and the number of teeth of the pinion showed by (Miler, Žeželj, Lončar, & Vučković, 2018).…”