External morphology of the immature stages of Neotropical heliconians: X. Heliconius sara apseudes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae)

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The biology and morphology of the immature stages of Heliconius sara apseudes (Hübner, [1813]) are still little known. External features of the egg, larvae and pupa of H. sara apseudes are described and illustrated, based upon light and scanning electron microscopy. Eggs with smooth carina, first instar larva with scaly setae, and body of second to fifth instars covered with scattered pinnacles distinguish H. sara apseudes from other heliconiine species.

Figure 11 from: Farfán J, Cerdeña J, Vargas HA, Gonçalves GL, Lamas G, Moreira GRP (2022) A peculiar new species of Dione (Agraulis) Boisduval & Le Conte (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae) associated with Malesherbia Ruiz & Pavón (Passifloraceae) in xeric western slopes of the Andes. ZooKeys 1113: 199-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.85769

“…Thus, the growth pattern of the head capsule follows the Brooks-Dyar´s rule (Daly 1985). The mean growth ratio among instars was 1.495, similar to ratios previously reported for other Neotropical heliconians (Antunes et al 2002;Kaminski et al 2002Kaminski et al , 2008Tavares et al 2002;Paim et al 2004;da Silva et al 2006da Silva et al , 2008Barão and Moreira 2010;Vargas et al 2014;Barão et al 2015).…”