External Marker in Bisecting-Angle-Technique: A New Approach to Minimize Dental Radiographic Error

The Performance of Paralleling Technique and Bisecting Angle Technique for Taking Periapical Radiographs: A Systematic Review

“…Two studies examined the radiographic error rates. The study by Azizah et al [13] reported the fewest radiographic errors when B tech was used with an external marker when compared to P tech and B tech used without an external marker. P tech committed 37 errors, B tech committed 45, and B tech with an external marker committed 31.…”

“…Diagnostic accuracy (e.g., root fractures, implant misfits) P tech [11,14] Bone level measurement for digital subtraction radiography P tech [20] Tooth length/root length/crown-root ratio estimation P tech [4,10,27,29,30] No difference [12] Periapical lesion size measurement P tech [24] No difference [23] Visibility of incisive foramen P tech [7] Radiation dose absorbed by thyroid and other organs P tech [19,25,26] Practice preference (from four survey studies) P tech [17,21,22] B tech [8] Radiographic error rate/reject rate P tech [13,15,18,31] B tech (for low palatal height) [9] The risk of bias assessment is summarized in Tables 3 and 4. Most of the studies were good quality case series, except that many of them did not explicitly mention if consecutive cases were examined.…”