External Immune Inhibitory Efficiency of External Secretions and Their Metabolic Profiling in Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Pu, Yu-Chen; Xiang, Hai-Jun; Li, Xinyu; Wang, Yu; Hou, Youming; Fu, Lang; Wang, Rui

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01624

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have definitively shown that OS in RPW larvae are capable of inhibiting the growth of microbes in vitro and that p-benzoquinone responsible for external immunity is a major active component among all secretory chemicals [32]. This phenomenon is not unique to RPW and has also been confirmed in many other insects, such as T. castaneum [3], T. molitor [8], Nicrophorus vespilloide [37], and Helicoverpa armigera [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Presently, because mounting evidence has confirmed that quinones play an important role in modulating external immunity [3,6,32,38], we undoubtedly associate the amount of p-benzoquinone with the antimicrobial activity of OS. The relatively high abundance of RfARSB transcripts in the salivary gland and their immunological roles against pathogens suggested that these genes might affect external immunity, which led us to determine whether they were involved in regulating p-benzoquinone synthesis in OS produced by RPW larvae using RNAi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Derivatized extracts (1 µL) were injected onto a nonpolar DB-5MS capillary column (30 m × 250 µm I.D., J&W Scientific, Folsom, CA, USA) using a G6500 CTC PAL autosampler (Agilent, Palo Alto, CA, USA), and the injection was run in pulsed splitless mode. The procedures and conditions for GC-MS were as described by Pu et al (2020) in a previous study [32]. Each sample (100 mg) was composed of OS produced by 9 larvae, and six biological replications were carried out for each treatment.…”

Section: Quantification Of P-benzoquinone In Larval Oral Secretionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characterization of the immune reactions, particularly external defense, is required to elucidate the invasive mechanisms of RPW and the interaction between RPW and pathogens. When RPW larvae were infected by pathogens, obvious secretions with antimicrobial activity, such as p-benzoquinone, were released from the oral cavity [32]. In recent years, this phenomenon has also been found to be increasingly common in other insects [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Novel ARSB Genes Necessary for p-Benzoquinone Biosynthesis in the Larval Oral Secretion Participating in External Immune Defense in the Red Palm Weevil

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJMS

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External secretions, composed of a variety of chemical components, are among the most important traits that endow insects with the ability to defend themselves against predators, parasites, or other adversities, especially pathogens. Thus, these exudates play a crucial role in external immunity. Red palm weevil larvae are prolific in this regard, producing large quantities of p-benzoquinone, which is present in their oral secretion. Benzoquinone with antimicrobial activity has been proven to be an active ingredient and key factor for external immunity in a previous study. To obtain a better understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of external immune secretions, we identify genes necessary for p-benzoquinone synthesis. Three novel ARSB genes, namely, RfARSB-0311, RfARSB-11581, and RfARSB-14322, are screened, isolated, and molecularly characterized on the basis of transcriptome data. To determine whether these genes are highly and specifically expressed in the secretory gland, we perform tissue/organ-specific expression profile analysis. The functions of these genes are further determined by examining the antimicrobial activity of the secretions and quantification of p-benzoquinone after RNAi. All the results reveal that the ARSB gene family can regulate the secretory volume of p-benzoquinone by participating in the biosynthesis of quinones, thus altering the host’s external immune inhibitory efficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Quantification Of P-benzoquinone In Larval Oral Secretionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Novel ARSB Genes Necessary for p-Benzoquinone Biosynthesis in the Larval Oral Secretion Participating in External Immune Defense in the Red Palm Weevil

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…In the red flour beetle, the social transfer of such information even has the potential to mediate adaptation via evolutionary capacitance (Peuß et al, 2015). More generally, these results not only demand for the exploration of similar phenomena in related systems with ‘external immunity’, including other important pest organisms such as the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Pu et al, 2020), but moreover bear fundamental relevance for questions of disease control in groups and societies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Immune Stimulation via Wounding Alters Chemical Profiles of Adult Tribolium castaneum

Reshma

Tewes

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Rapid recognition of disease cues is essential for preventing pathogenic infections and for disease management in group-living animals. Healthy individuals across taxa can detect illness in other conspecifics and adjust their responses to limit further infections of themselves and the group. However, little is known about potential changes in chemical phenotypes due to disease, which may mediate these responses. We here asked whether individual immune experience resulting from wounding or the injection of heat-killed bacteria of Bacillus thuringiensis (i.e., immune priming) leads to changes in the chemical profiles of adult red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum). This group-living insect species is a well-studied example for both immune priming as a form of innate immune memory and niche construction via 'external immunity', i.e., the secretion of quinone-containing antimicrobials into the flour. Upon interaction with wounded conspecifics, naive beetles were previously found to not only up-regulate immunity, but moreover reduce gene expression of the evolutionary capacitor HSP90, an effect that has the potential to enhance adaptability. We here used gas chromatography-flame-ionisation detection (GC-FID) to study the composition of stink gland secretions and cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of immune-primed and wounded beetles compared to controls. The overall profiles as well as target compounds of the stink gland secretions showed transient, slight changes after these treatments, particularly in wounded females. Priming and wounding led to pronounced changes in CHC profiles with increases in the proportion of methyl-branched alkanes. Furthermore, we found sex-specific differences, that were particularly pronounced in the CHCs, although the changes due to immune stimulation were overall similar in both sexes. We suggest that CHCs are potential candidates for the transfer of information related to individual immunological experience into the group.

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Immunosenescence along with direct physiological allocation trade-offs between life history and immunity in the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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External Immune Inhibitory Efficiency of External Secretions and Their Metabolic Profiling in Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Identification of Novel ARSB Genes Necessary for p-Benzoquinone Biosynthesis in the Larval Oral Secretion Participating in External Immune Defense in the Red Palm Weevil

Identification of Novel ARSB Genes Necessary for p-Benzoquinone Biosynthesis in the Larval Oral Secretion Participating in External Immune Defense in the Red Palm Weevil

Immune Stimulation via Wounding Alters Chemical Profiles of Adult Tribolium castaneum

Immunosenescence along with direct physiological allocation trade-offs between life history and immunity in the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

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