External Democratization after War: Success and Failure

Pre-designing democracy: institutional design of interim governments and democratization in 15 post-conflict societies

“…24 Among those focusing on democratization, many emphasize structural preconditions for transitions: Grimm evaluates the success of external democratization after war, with multilateral interventions in post-1989 intra-state conflicts as a subset of her cases. 25 She argues that non-conducive structural conditions, such as low economic development, state weakness, or protracted minority conflicts, explain the relatively poor democratization records of these cases. 26 Yet, neither structural preconditions, nor characteristics of the previous regime (emphasized in the broader literature on transitional rule 27 ) are 338 J. Strasheim and H. Fjelde factors easily influenced by international state-builders.…”

“…59 FH's political rights scale focuses on chances of participation and competition, two key pillars of democracy. 60 It evaluates three aspects of democracy: free and fair elections; political pluralism and participation; and functioning of a government (openness, transparency, addressability by the public).…”

Nation-Building as Necessary Effort in Fragile States

“…That will make the institutions of the state more legitimate, better rooted in society and therefore 10 Another example is the Beginners Guide for Nation Building, published by the Rand Corporation of which one hopes no beginner will ever read it. 11 Grimm 2008, p. 525-549. 12 Kaplan 2008.…”

Struggling for Stability: International Support for Peace and Democracy in Post-Civil War Nepal

“…13 Grimm (2008) analyses military interventions designed to force democratisation. Based on her findings, she recommends that external actors engage in five sectors of reform at the same time -welfare, stateness, rule of law, political regime and political community -because they are highly interconnected.…”

“…For a discussion of how this classification came about, see Kubicek 2003, Whitehead 1996, and Börzel / Risse 2009. For further information, see Grabbe 2006, Crawford 1997, Schimmelfennig / Sedelmeier 2005, Whitehead 1996, and Grimm 2008 elections, parliaments, the judiciary, parties, the media or civil society. According to the findings of democratisation research, among the factors that explain the success of democracy support are whether the local context is taken into account, coordination with other donors, long-term commitment and empowering domestic actors (see Burnell 2007;Carothers 1999;de Zeeuw / Kumar 2006).…”