External characteristics of the lateral aspect of the hoof differ between non-lame and lame horses

Dyson, Sue; Tranquille, C.A.; Collins, Simon; Parkin, T. D. H.; Murray, Rachel C.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.11.015

Cited by 42 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The DHWA mean values pre- and post-farriery fall within ‘normal’ DHWA ranges: 48.6° to 58.4°. The range reported here is comparable with previous research: Thomason et al [31] ( n = 10) reported a DHWA ranging from 48° to 57° and a mean angle of 51.8°; and Dyson et al [22] ( n = 19) reported a mean DHWA of 52.4°, ranging 43.4°–64.7°.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Variability in DHWA is reported [28]; however, it is widely recognised that the ideal angle for the front feet should range between 50° to 55°. This is within the same range as that suggested for the hind feet [27,29], although wide variation (45° to 60°) in forelimb DHWA exists within the literature [2,8,10,22,30]. The DHWA mean values pre- and post-farriery fall within ‘normal’ DHWA ranges: 48.6° to 58.4°.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Digital images were taken of each horse’s left forelimb and hoof, to enable a comparison of morphometric measurements of key anatomical features and angles (Table 1) pre- and post-farriery treatment, with old and new or refitted shoes, respectively [6,21,22]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does a 4–6 Week Shoeing Interval Promote Optimal Foot Balance in the Working Equine?

Lesniak

Williams

Kuznik

et al. 2017

Animals

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Simple SummaryHoof shape is linked to an increased risk of lameness in the horse and has been shown to adapt to different loading patterns associated with the workload and shoeing interval length. This study investigated how different measurements of the hoof wall and the hoof pastern axis angle changed with work in riding school horses, across a four to six week shoeing/trimming interval. The dorsal hoof wall, and weight bearing and coronary band lengths reduced in size post-shoeing/trimming. This, combined with the increase to the inner and outside hoof wall heights on the digital images despite trimming, suggests that shoeing/trimming increased the vertical orientation of the hoof during the shoeing interval investigated. At the same time, increases in the dorsal hoof wall angle, heel angle, and heel height occurred, promoting a more correct dorsopalmar balance. The changes observed are consistent with the workload of the horses studied. The results suggest that a regular farriery interval of no more than six weeks could prevent excess loading of the structures within the hoof, reducing long term injury risks through cumulative, excessive loading in riding school horses.AbstractVariation in equine hoof conformation between farriery interventions lacks research, despite associations with distal limb injuries. This study aimed to determine linear and angular hoof variations pre- and post-farriery within a four to six week shoeing/trimming interval. Seventeen hoof and distal limb measurements were drawn from lateral and anterior digital photographs from 26 horses pre- and post-farriery. Most lateral view variables changed significantly. Reductions of the dorsal wall, and weight bearing and coronary band lengths resulted in an increased vertical orientation of the hoof. The increased dorsal hoof wall angle, heel angle, and heel height illustrated this further, improving dorsopalmar alignment. Mediolateral measurements of coronary band and weight bearing lengths reduced, whilst medial and lateral wall lengths from the 2D images increased, indicating an increased vertical hoof alignment. Additionally, dorsopalmar balance improved. However, the results demonstrated that a four to six week interval is sufficient for a palmer shift in the centre of pressure, increasing the loading on acutely inclined heels, altering DIP angulation, and increasing the load on susceptible structures (e.g., DDFT). Mediolateral variable asymmetries suit the lateral hoof landing and unrollment pattern of the foot during landing. The results support regular (four to six week) farriery intervals for the optimal prevention of excess loading of palmar limb structures, reducing long-term injury risks through cumulative, excessive loading.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Does a 4–6 Week Shoeing Interval Promote Optimal Foot Balance in the Working Equine?

Lesniak

Williams

Kuznik

et al. 2017

Animals

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“…This would suggest that prominent rings in horn production in animals may be produced by changing factors other than weight-bearing. In mature horses prominent growth rings have been associated with lameness and sudden changes in dorsal wall angulation (Dyson et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hoof renewal time from birth of Thoroughbred foals

Curtis

Martin

Hobbs

2014

The Veterinary Journal

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Abstract:Introduction: Thoroughbred foals are born with fully developed hooves and stand within minutes of birth. A ring in the hoof horn occurs at birth and grows down the hoof wall, separating the fetal hoof (distal) and foal hoof (proximal). Birth rings in hoof horn have been noted in other species and used to estimate age. Hoof wall renewal in all ages of horse has been poorly reported. Furthermore horn growth and complete hoof capsule renewal has not been measured in Thoroughbred foals. Partial hoof wall avulsions are relatively common. The objective was to measure the time taken for the fetal hoof of newborn foals to grow to the bearing border and be replaced by hoof grown since birth.Method: Thoroughbred foals (N=150) on four Newmarket stud farms were studied during June to September. The age of the foal and the day that routine hoof trimming removed the remnants of the fetal hoof of the front hooves was recorded. Foals that were on restricted exercise, ill or where the remnants of the fetal hoof still remained after trimming were excluded from the data. 45 foals fulfilled the criteria. The data were tabulated in Excel, analysed in Minitab and assessed for normality (AndersonDarling). Results:The mean age at which the fetal hoof was removed with routine trimming was 145±15 days (95% confidence interval, 141.77-147.16), range 120-165 days.Conclusions: Thoroughbred foals replaced the fetal hoof half the time given for mature horses (270-365 days). Knowing the time of hoof renewal will allow accurate predictions of healing to be made in cases of partial hoof wall avulsion and other hoof lesions and may assist in determining the age of foals.Declarations: Approval was given by the University of Central Lancashire Animal Projects Committee. There were no sources of funding and no competing Interests.

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“…A 1°change in distal phalanx angle can theoretically result in a 4% increase in contact pressure exerted by the DDFT on the navicular bone (Eliashar et al, 2004), therefore small differences in distal phalanx angle result in a substantial increase in contact pressure which may be of major functional significance. In feet with a combination of injuries of the DDFT and the PTA, the angle of the coronary band, the hoof wall length:heel length and dorsal:palmar coronary band height ratios were significantly larger compared with the non-lame feet (Dyson et al, 2011c). In feet with injury only of the PTA, the coronary band angle and dorsal:palmar coronary band height ratios were significantly greater in the lame feet.…”

Section: The Potential Role Of Foot Conformationmentioning

confidence: 77%

An investigation of risk factors for foot-related lameness in a United Kingdom referral population of horses

Parkes

Newton

Dyson

2013

The Veterinary Journal

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External characteristics of the lateral aspect of the hoof differ between non-lame and lame horses

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Does a 4–6 Week Shoeing Interval Promote Optimal Foot Balance in the Working Equine?

Does a 4–6 Week Shoeing Interval Promote Optimal Foot Balance in the Working Equine?

Hoof renewal time from birth of Thoroughbred foals

An investigation of risk factors for foot-related lameness in a United Kingdom referral population of horses

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