External cardiac programmed stimulation for noninvasive termination of sustained supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia

Estes, N.A. Mark; Deering, Thomas F.; Manolis, Antonis S.; Salem, Deeb N.; Zoll, Paul M.

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(89)90281-6

Cited by 21 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Atrial and ventricular tachycardias of almost all kinds (except atrial fibrillation) have now been terminated with these relatively quick and simple procedures. [10][11][12] …”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Cardiac Stimulation Revisited

Zoll

1990

Pacing Clinical Electrophis

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Over 40 years ago, I became interested in cardiac resuscitation when I watched a patient die of bradycardia and repeated asystolic syncope within 3 weeks of her first Stokes-Adams attack. Some way to stimulate effective cardiac beats was needed that would be quick and easy to apply with the brief time available, and also safe. Cardiac stimulation with an esophageal electrode behind the heart and a second one over the precordium came first to mind in those early days of esophageal electrocardiography. Indeed, this almost noninvasive approach was soon found to be successful in stimulating atrial or ventricular beats in anesthetized dogs when attached to an external pulse generator. The esophageal electrode was discarded, however, when totally noninvasive pacing was achieved more simply with both electrodes placed externally over the precordium.In 1952, noninvasive temporary ventricular pacing was first used clinically to resuscitate two patients repeatedly from recurring asystole.' Noninvasive pacing became established thereafter as an effective means of resuscitation from bradycardia and asystole in many clinical circumstances, or more broadly, whenever a ventricular rhythm was needed at any desired rate or duration.' For example, we soon observed that recurring ventricular tachycardias and fibrillation, including torsade de pointes, were often suppressed by acceleration of the ventricular rate above a threshold critical level for these arrhythmia^.^The need for long-term pacing with an implantable pacemaker became obvious with the first clinical trials of temporary pacing, but it was not until 1958 that this goal was r e a l i~e d .~Many new procedures were developed in the Address for reprints: Paul M. Zoll, M.D., 319 Longwood Ave.,

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“…Atrial and ventricular tachycardias of almost all kinds (except atrial fibrillation) have now been terminated with these relatively quick and simple procedures. [10][11][12] …”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Cardiac Stimulation Revisited

Zoll

1990

Pacing Clinical Electrophis

Self Cite

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“…Mechanical pacing has been known also to work in the human heart. Zoll (Estes et al 1989) and other inventors have devised mechanical trans‐thoracic pacing by applying mechanical stimuli to the asystolic heart to revive beating in emergency situations. Chest thumps also have been shown to start up an asystolic human heart, and sometimes but rarely even during ventricular fibrillation.…”

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confidence: 99%