External Beam Radiation Therapy in Radioactive Iodine Refractory Thyroid Carcinoma: Long-Term Outcomes and Side Effects

Abstract

pZ0.33), the timing of disease occurrence (initial vs. recurrent; pZ0.69), and proximal extent of disease spread (intracranial vs. skull base vs. distal; pZ0.25) did not affect cause-specific survival. A total of 10 late grade 3+ toxicities occurred in 7 patients and they included soft-tissue necrosis (nZ1), orbital infection (nZ1), hearing loss (nZ3), keratitis (nZ2), brain necrosis (nZ2), and subdural hematoma (nZ1). Conclusion: Proton therapy is effective in the management of NMSCs with clinical perineural invasion. Regional recurrence occurs frequently and nerves at risk for skip metastasis should be treated electively with radiation therapy.