External and internal control in plant development*

Oborny, Beáta

doi:10.1002/cplx.20012

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Many clonally growing plants form networks of interconnected individuals, called ramets, which are produced on rooting nodes of laterally extending stolons and rhizomes. Because of this growth pattern, clonal plants are characterized by potentially large spatial scales (van Groenendael & de Kroon, 1990) and by high degrees of modularity and module autonomy (Oborny, 2003; De Kroon et al ., 2005; Magyar et al ., 2007). In terms of host‐plant heterogeneity for feeding insects, clonal plant networks can be regarded as assemblages of genetically identical ramets that differ consistently in tissue age and developmental stage (Huber & Stuefer, 1997), leading to potentially high degrees of within‐clone variation in tissue quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic induced resistance: a risk‐spreading strategy in clonal plant networks?

et al. 2008

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Summary• Clonal plant networks consist of interconnected individuals (ramets) of different sizes and ages. They represent heterogeneous ramet assemblages with marked differences in quality and attractiveness for herbivores. Here, feeding preferences of a generalist herbivore (Spodoptera exigua) for differently-aged ramets of Trifolium repens were studied, and changes in herbivore preference in response to systemic defense induction were investigated.• Dual-choice tests were used to assess the preference of herbivores for young versus mature ramets of induced and uninduced plants, respectively. Additionally, leaf traits related to nutrition, biomechanics and chemical defense were measured to explain variation in tissue quality and herbivore preference.• Young ramets were heavily damaged in control plants. After systemic defense induction, damage on young ramets was greatly reduced, while damage on mature ramets increased slightly. Defense induction increased leaf strength and thickness, decreased leaf soluble carbohydrates and substantially changed phenolic composition of undamaged ramets connected to attacked individuals.• Systemic induced resistance led to a more dispersed feeding pattern among ramets of different ages. It is proposed that inducible defense acts as a risk-spreading strategy in clonal plants by equalizing herbivore preference within the clone, thereby avoiding extended selective feeding on valuable plant tissues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic induced resistance: a risk‐spreading strategy in clonal plant networks?

et al. 2008

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“…the physical environment actually perceived by each individual organ [including both aerial and subterranean tissues] or plant population; Chelle 2005) and respond to their environment through modifications in metabolical, physiological and/or morphological features (Horn 1971, Oborny 2004. Besides the metabolical and/or physiological adaptations, a high degree of morphological plasticity (the outcome of alterations in growth patterns) in clonal plants has been interpreted as a plant phenotypic response to manage resource heterogeneity in spatial and temporal scales (Schlichting 1986, Oborny 1994, 2004, Stuefer et al 1994, Huber et al 1999, Hemminga & Duarte 2000, Sultan 2000, Urbas & Zobel 2000. Alterations in morphology go beyond simple morphometric changes, since morphotypes and certain physiological traits are usually linked (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal building, simple growth rules and phylloclimate as key steps to develop functionalstructural seagrass models

Brun¹,

Vergara²,

Peralta³

et al. 2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The repetitive clonal growth of the seagrasses Zostera noltii Hornem. and Cymodocea nodosa Aschers at the module level was used to implement a deterministic, individual-based, numerical model using the simplest growth rules. Inter-and intraspecific variability in plant morphology and meadow attributes was simulated, and the results yielded by the model were compared with an existing large data set recorded for both species. The model outputs showed that intra-and interspecific morphological variability can be accurately described (r = 0.99, p < 0.0001, n = 19) by a restricted number of parameters (plastochrone interval [PI] and elongation rates for rhizome [RER] and leaf [LER], which are species-specific parameters). Interspecific differences in meadow properties were recorded; however, simulated values were double those observed. This result was mainly attributable to a lack of densitydependence phenomena in the model assumptions, revealing the importance of such phenomena in structuring seagrass populations. In general, species with high PIs displayed longer modules (leaves and internodes) and lower shoot densities, whereas species with lower PI values developed shorter modules and crowded stands. This result corresponds with the relationship indicated by the self-thinning law and by previous studies. The model also showed that plant morphology arises as an emergent property of a simple set of growth rules acting at the module level, and that plant dynamic parameters can be tuned by seagrasses in response to their local environmental conditions. Thus, the whole-plant response to the environment can be determined by the sum of all the modular responses. This model, together with a better knowledge of the regulation of plant dynamic parameters by control variables (light, temperature, nutrients, etc.), provides a conceptual framework that allows the incorporation of module, plant morphology and meadow properties into functional-structural seagrass models, in which feedbacks among plant morphology, plant development and phylloclimate (i.e. the physical environment actually perceived by each individual organ or plant population) can be included.

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“…Information transduction may be performed through plant hormones (auxin or abscisic acid), or resource molecules (sugar or ionic nutrients) [52], [53]. We demonstrated a non-linear response of clones to soil quality; information should thus be perceived and integrated at each node of the network.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

How Past and Present Influence the Foraging of Clonal Plants?

et al. 2012

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Clonal plants spreading horizontally and forming a network structure of ramets exhibit complex growth patterns to maximize resource uptake from the environment. They respond to spatial heterogeneity by changing their internode length or branching frequency. Ramets definitively root in the soil but stay interconnected for a varying period of time thus allowing an exchange of spatial and temporal information. We quantified the foraging response of clonal plants depending on the local soil quality sampled by the rooting ramet (i.e. the present information) and the resource variability sampled by the older ramets (i.e. the past information). We demonstrated that two related species, Potentilla reptans and P. anserina, responded similarly to the local quality of their environment by decreasing their internode length in response to nutrient-rich soil. Only P. reptans responded to resource variability by decreasing its internode length. In both species, the experience acquired by older ramets influenced the plastic response of new rooted ramets: the internode length between ramets depended not only on the soil quality locally sampled but also on the soil quality previously sampled by older ramets. We quantified the effect of the information perceived at different time and space on the foraging behavior of clonal plants by showing a non-linear response of the ramet rooting in the soil of a given quality. These data suggest that the decision to grow a stolon or to root a ramet at a given distance from the older ramet results from the integration of the past and present information about the richness and the variability of the environment.

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External and internal control in plant development*

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Systemic induced resistance: a risk‐spreading strategy in clonal plant networks?

Systemic induced resistance: a risk‐spreading strategy in clonal plant networks?

Clonal building, simple growth rules and phylloclimate as key steps to develop functionalstructural seagrass models

How Past and Present Influence the Foraging of Clonal Plants?

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External and internal control in plant development*

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Systemic induced resistance: a risk‐spreading strategy in clonal plant networks?

Systemic induced resistance: a risk‐spreading strategy in clonal plant networks?

Clonal building, simple growth rules and phylloclimate as key steps to develop functionalstructural seagrass models

How Past and Present Influence the Foraging of Clonal Plants?

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Clonal building, simple growth rules and phylloclimate as key steps to develop functionalstructural seagrass models