Extent of heavy metals pollution and health risk assessment of groundwater in a densely populated industrial area, Lagos, Nigeria

Ukah, Bernadette Uche; Egbueri, Johnbosco C.; Unigwe, Chinanu O.; UBIDO, OYEM EMMANUEL

doi:10.1007/s42108-019-00039-3

Cited by 186 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The exact number of factors was chosen by Kaiser (1958Kaiser ( , 1960 criterion in which factors with eigenvalues < 1 are not considered. In this study, factor loadings above 0.75 were classed as high, those between 0.50 and 0.75 as medium, and those below 0.50 as weak (Tziritis et al 2017). This was based on the fact that the higher a factor loading of a parameter, the greater its participation to the examined factor group.…”

Section: Chemometric Analysis For Pollution Source Identification Andmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Furthermore, just like the Fe, Cr has more of negative associations (and no significant correlation) with the other parameters (including the heavy metals). This could be due to the presence of various pollution sources (Chen et al 2014;Tziritis et al 2017;Barzegar et al 2018;Egbueri 2018Egbueri , 2019a. Although all the heavy metals (except Fe) were generally classified to have anthropogenic sources, Cr is thought to have peculiar waste source(s) (with different leachate makeup), different from where other heavy metals (Zn, Ni, and Pb) were leached from.…”

Section: Chemometric Analysis For Pollution Source Identification Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PC 4 explains 7.822% of the variance and has significant loadings of Na, Ca, and Cl. The sources of these chemical variables are linked to weathering of silicate minerals in the soils and rocks of the study area (Tziritis et al 2017;Mgbenu and Egbueri 2019). In PC 5 (which explains 7.561% variability), NO 3 , Fe, and Ni have significant loadings (0.838, -0.508, and 0.563, respectively).…”

Section: Principal Component Analysis (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemometric analysis for pollution source identification and human health risk assessment of water resources in Ojoto Province, southeast Nigeria

Egbueri

Mgbenu

2020

Appl Water Sci

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This paper quantified the level of heavy metals contamination, identified possible sources of pollution, and assessed the human health risks associated with drinking water resources in Ojoto Province, Nigeria. The study's gross findings revealed that the suitability of some water sources for consumption purposes in this province is questionable. Based on water quality index, 57.14% of the total samples are within acceptable limits, while 42.86% are unsuitable for drinking. It was observed that the northwestern and southern parts of the study area have more of deteriorated water quality. The health hazard index revealed that 25% of the samples predispose their consumers (both adult and children populations) to high chronic health risks. Moreover, heavy metal pollution index, contamination index, and probability of cancer risk (CR) revealed that about 25% of the total samples were unsuitable and off the CR standard acceptable range of ≤ 1 × 10 −6-1 × 10 −4. Correlation and component factor analyses linked the origin of major ions to geogenic processes and that of the heavy metals to both natural and anthropogenic processes. Cluster analysis divided the samples into two equal classes (50% each): poor and excellent quality waters. This study indicated that Pb is the priority pollutant impacting the water quality. The various assessments revealed that waters from hand-dug wells and deeper boreholes are the least contaminated and hence best suited for drinking than waters from springs, streams, and shallow wells.

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Section: Chemometric Analysis For Pollution Source Identification Andmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Chemometric Analysis For Pollution Source Identification Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Principal Component Analysis (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemometric analysis for pollution source identification and human health risk assessment of water resources in Ojoto Province, southeast Nigeria

Egbueri

Mgbenu

2020

Appl Water Sci

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“…indicates considerable ecological risk, and ERI > 600 indicates very high ecological risk (Ukah et al 2019;Egbueri 2020a).…”

Section: Ecological Risk Assessment Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Evaluation of Some Toxic Metals in the Surface Water of Louhajang River, Bangladesh

Proshad¹,

Zhang²,

Idris³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Louhajang River, Bangladesh, crosses Tangail, which is a densely industrialized and urbanized city. Louhajang River is an essential water source for domestic, irrigation, and urbanization purposes. This study reports the levels of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and some toxic heavy metals in 40 water samples collected during summer and winter seasons from Louhajang River. The levels were found to be in the ranges of pH 6.22-7.43 and EC 345-798 mS/cm, Cr 0.18-13.2, Ni 0.02-19.04, Cu 0.96-15.92, As 2.18-12.51, Cd 0.02-2.42, and Pb 0.49-15.74 µg/L. The winter season reported higher levels of the examined parameters than the summer season with significant variation (p < 0.05) for all parameters, with the exception of Cd. The metal contents were assessed against local and international standards for drinking, irrigation and aquatic life purposes where different trends were observed. The heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and the ecological risk index (ERI) reported low to moderate risks. The spatial distribution of metal contents assigned hot spots in some sites along the riverbed, which were attributed to specific manmade sources. The health risk assessment for three population categories, i.e., adult male, adult female, and children, were examined in terms of hazard index (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) for oral and dermal pathways during both seasons. Cr and Cd recorded HI more than unit in all cases, indicating possible non-cancer risk. TCR values of As for the three examined population categories during both seasons were > 1.0×10-6, indicating possible cancer risk, while that of Pb were < 1.0×10-6. For Ni, about 10-25% of the sampled sites recorded TCR > 1.0×10-6.

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“…The HI total values range from 0.42 to 6.14, with an average of 1.99, for infants, from 0.26 to 3.80, with an average of 1.23, for children, from 0.19 to 2.73, with an average of 0.89, for adult females, and from 0.22 to 3.25, with an average of 1.06, for adult males. According to the classification of noncarcinogenic risk based on HI values (Medium chronic risk: 1 ≤ HI < 4, High chronic risk: HI ≥ 4) [47], most groundwaters present medium or high chronic risk for infants, and only less than 25% showed low/negligible risks (HI < 1) which can be ignored ( Figure 6). It also clearly shows that the percentage of groundwaters with high chronic risk is limited and only a handful of groundwaters have HI total values greater than 4.…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Of the Total Health Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Groundwater Contamination and Health Implications in a Typical Semiarid Basin of North China

Yin

Xiao

Han³

et al. 2020

Water

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Groundwater chemistry and its potential health risks are as important as water availability in arid and semiarid regions. This study was conducted to determine the contamination and associated health threats to various populations in a semiarid basin of north China. A total of 78 groundwater samples were collected from the shallow unconfined aquifers. The results showed that the phreatic water was slightly alkaline, hard fresh water with ions in the order of Ca2+ > Na++K+ > Mg2+ and HCO3− > SO42− > Cl−. Four hydrochemical elements, NO3−, F−, Mn and Zn, exceeded the permissible limits. NO3− and F− contaminants may pose health risks to local residents, while the risks of Mn and Zn are negligible. Dermal exposure is safe for all populations, while the oral pathway is not. Minors (i.e., infants and children) are susceptible to both NO3− and F− contaminants, and adults only to NO3−. The susceptibility of various populations is in the order of infants > children > adult males > adult females. Anthropogenic activities are responsible for the elevated levels of NO3−, Zn, Total dissolved solids (TDS), while F− and Mn are from geogenic sources. Thus, differential water supplies, strict control of waste, and rational irrigation practices are encouraged in the basin.

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Extent of heavy metals pollution and health risk assessment of groundwater in a densely populated industrial area, Lagos, Nigeria

Cited by 186 publications

References 27 publications

Chemometric analysis for pollution source identification and human health risk assessment of water resources in Ojoto Province, southeast Nigeria

Chemometric analysis for pollution source identification and human health risk assessment of water resources in Ojoto Province, southeast Nigeria

Comprehensive Evaluation of Some Toxic Metals in the Surface Water of Louhajang River, Bangladesh

Investigation of Groundwater Contamination and Health Implications in a Typical Semiarid Basin of North China

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