Extent of Cellulose and Hemicellulose Digestion in Various Forages by Pure Cultures of Rumen Bacteria

Dehority, Burk A.; Scott, Harold W.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(67)87579-9

Cited by 136 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Data for this aspect of the isoacid effect which is in agreement with Bryant [11], Dehority and Scott [18]; Gorosito et al [26], Brondani et al [10] are shown in Tables II, III and IV. CFRF and EABC fractions for oil treatment showed more cellulolytic activity than the control (P < 0.05). Recent work [22] has shown that glycerol and galactose arising from lipid hydrolysis are fermentable.…”

Section: Estimation Of Microbial Growthsupporting

confidence: 79%

Correlation between microbial enzyme activities in the rumen fluid of sheep under different treatments

Moharrery

Das

2001

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Five total mixed rations prepared from finger millet (Eleusine Coracana) straw as a roughage (48%) and mixed concentrate (52%), supplemented with a 1% isoacid mixture (i-C 4 , i-C 5 , C 5 and phenylacetic acid in equal proportions) or oil (groundnut oil, 5% more than the control) or urea (5% more nitrogen than the control), and protein (groundnut cake, 5% more nitrogen than the control) were given in a Latin square experiment to sheep. Enzymatic activities were estimated for urease, cellulase, protease, amylase, and lipase in various fractions of rumen fluid on the one hand and rumen microbial biomass on the other hand. Rumen samples were taken 3-4 hours after feeding and mixed rumen bacteria were separated as a strained rumen fluid without protozoa (SRFWP), cell free rumen fluid (CFRF) and enzymes associated with the bacteria cell (EABC). Samples of SRFWP and EABC contained higher enzyme activities than CFRF. Depending on the type of enzymes in each fraction, some significant coefficient of determination (r 2 ) was seen. These values showed very close cooperative action between proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes under the experimental conditions, or perhaps the presence of some species of bacteria with both activities. Lipolytic bacteria are completely specialized for lipase production only (P < 0.05). The results showed oil, isoacid and crude protein enhanced microbial production (P < 0.05) and this can change the pattern of enzymes in the rumen of sheep.isoacid / urease / cellulase / protease / amylase / lipase / sheep / rumen Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 41 (2001) 513-529 513

show abstract

Section: Estimation Of Microbial Growthsupporting

confidence: 79%

Correlation between microbial enzyme activities in the rumen fluid of sheep under different treatments

Moharrery

Das

2001

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4, and neither PAA/PPA nor other compounds present in ruminal fluid enhanced the xylan-degrading capacity of any of the R. albus strains examined. Furthermore, the degradation patterns observed here are similar to those seen by Dehority with R. albus 7 by using hemicellulose preparations (8,9). Based on these findings, we conclude that the findings made with R. albus 8 are typical of other R. albus isolates with respect to polysaccharide degradation and that the findings with birchwood xylan are not confounded by either the source or composition of this substrate.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

Phenylacetic and Phenylpropionic Acids Do Not Affect Xylan Degradation by Ruminococcus albus

Reveneau

Adams

Cotta

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since the addition of either ruminal fluid or a combination of phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids (PAA/PPA) has previously been shown to dramatically improve cellulose degradation and growth of Ruminococcus albus, it was of interest to determine the effects of these additives on xylan-grown cultures. Although cell-bound xylanase activity increased when either PAA/PPA or ruminal fluid was added to the growth medium, total xylanase did not change, and neither of these supplements affected the growth or xylan-degrading capacity of R. albus 8. Similarly, neither PAA/PPA nor ruminal fluid affected xylan degradation by multiple strains of R. albus when xylan prepared from oat spelts was used as a carbohydrate source. These results show that the xylanolytic potential of R. albus is not conditional on the availability of PAA/PPA or other components of ruminal fluid.Ruminococcus albus is a gram-positive anaerobe widely recognized for its high cellulolytic activity. A distinguishing feature of R. albus isolates is their dependence on the provision of micromolar concentrations of phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids (PAA/PPA) for optimal rates of growth and cellulose degradation (12,16,18,19,20). PAA/PPA appear to be necessary for the formation of cell-associated, high-molecularweight protein complexes believed to be cellulosomes (13). Many isolates of R. albus have also been shown to degrade xylan and the hemicellulose fraction of plant cell walls (3, 9). Greve et al. (11) demonstrated that R. albus strain 8 produces several enzymes involved in xylan degradation, including ␤-1,4-xylanase, ␤-xylosidase, and ␣-arabinofuranosidase. The strain was also shown to ferment glucose and xylose residues present in alfalfa cell wall preparations in preference to other sugars (11). However, there are no data on the possible effect(s) from either PAA/PPA or other components of ruminal fluid on xylan degradation and growth of R. albus. Considering that heteroxylans represent a major part of the plant cell wall, it was of interest to determine whether optimal rates of R. albus growth, as well as xylan degradation, would be conditional on the provision of PAA/PPA or ruminal fluid.Bacterial strains and growth experiments. R. albus strains 8, B199, and 7 were obtained from the culture collection at the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Ill. In the experiments described here the strains were cultured at 39°C in a semidefined medium, described by Champion et al. (5), containing 5% (vol/vol) clarified ruminal fluid (RF) or the same medium with ruminal fluid omitted but supplemented with either 25 M each of PAA and PPA (PA) or sterile water (WO). Carbohydrate sources were included at a concentration of 0.4% (wt/vol). Pebble-milled Whatman No. 1 filter paper was used in cellulose-containing media, and the xylan preparations (birchwood and oat spelt) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo. The bacterial strains were passed no less than three times in the respective...

show abstract

“…The inability of strains to ferment xylose even though they can grow on xylan may be due to the lack of a specific permease required for the transport of monosaccharides into the cell (Dehority, 1967). Production of pectin-degrading enzymes (Pettipher & Latham, 1979) is of no direct nutritional advantage since, like the pectin-degrading strains of Streptucuccus buvis (Ziolecki et al, 1972), neither pectin nor its degradation products can be used for growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Enzymes Degrading Plant Cell Walls and Fermentation of Cellobiose by Ruminococcus flavefaciens in Batch and Continuous Culture

Pettipher¹,

Latham²

1979

Journal of General Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Production of enzymes degrading plant cell walls was studied using media containing cellobiose or ammonium ions (NH,+) as limiting nutrients. Carboxymethylcellulase (CMcellulase), xylanase and pectin lyase were primarily cell-associated during exponential growth in batch culture but accumulated in the supernatant during the stationary phase. Activities of CM-cellulase and xylanase were higher in cellobiose-limited than in NH4+-limited continuous cultures, were inversely related to the growth rate and became progressively more cell-associated as the growth rate increased. The proportion of fermentation products in cellobiose-limited continuous cultures was dependent on the growth rate and the calculated cell yields per mol ATP (YATP) varied between 11.92 and 16.39. Glutamate dehydrogenase, an ammonia-assimilating enzyme, was most active in NH4+-limited continuous cultures. These results are discussed in relation to the growth and metabolism of Ruminococcus jlavefaciens in vivo.

show abstract

Extent of Cellulose and Hemicellulose Digestion in Various Forages by Pure Cultures of Rumen Bacteria

Cited by 136 publications

References 14 publications

Correlation between microbial enzyme activities in the rumen fluid of sheep under different treatments

Correlation between microbial enzyme activities in the rumen fluid of sheep under different treatments

Phenylacetic and Phenylpropionic Acids Do Not Affect Xylan Degradation by Ruminococcus albus

Production of Enzymes Degrading Plant Cell Walls and Fermentation of Cellobiose by Ruminococcus flavefaciens in Batch and Continuous Culture

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About