Extent of awareness of diabetic foot care in diabetic patients and their families at AL Baha city, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The incidence for diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia is high, along with its associated complications especially those of multiple micro and macrovascular complications with special concern to diabetic foot. The aim of this study is to assess the awareness of diabetic patients and their relatives about the care of diabetic foot at Al Baha province. Material and methods: A descriptive cross sectional study is performed and the data was collected through online self administered questionnaire. The collected data was coded and analyzed by SPSS version 28, in which both inferential and descriptive statistics were adopted. Student T-test and ANOVA were used. P<0.05 was considered significant. About 385 diabetic patients were included in this study, 52.7% was female. 45.2 % were aged between 20-29 years, patients experienced diabetes mellitus for < five years were 37.9% and >ten years were 36.6%. Results: 74.4% of the patients bear a satisfactory knowledge, 76.9% revealed a satisfactory practice and 59.70% showed a positive attitude, those patients who read and write only and below 20 years showed a low mean knowledge score. Furthermore, those having history of Diabetes ranged from 5 to 10 years and attained a middle school revealed a low attitude score and finally those suffering from DM >10 years showed a low practice, with significant difference. Conclusion: The awareness of diabetic foot care was good depending on the educational level and duration of diseases. So, more efforts with good counseling are needed to improve the awareness of diabetic patients and reduce its complications.

Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Saudi Arabia

“…On the other hand, Alghamdi et.al reported a relatively lower prevalence of 15%. Even though they reported lower prevalence o ESBL producing UPEC on a larger sample size they reported from a different region Al Baha (20). It is noteworthy that some studies did not provide specific data on ESBL production rates among UPEC.…”

“…Hameed et.al reported the lowest ESBL production rate of 7.9% Alanazi et.al reported a slightly higher ESBL production rate among UPEC with a rate of 9% in a retrospective study conducted in Riyad (6). Moving upward, Bazaid et.al reported a rate of 14.7%, followed by Alghamdi et.al who reported a quite similar rate of 15% (19,20). The highest reported ESBL production rates were reported by Al Qasim et.al (33%), Abalkhail et.al (33.5%), and Emeka et.al (30%), all conducted in Riyadh, reflecting higher levels of antibiotic resistance in this region (13,21,22).…”

“…The highest reported ESBL production rates were reported by Al Qasim et.al (33%), Abalkhail et.al (33.5%), and Emeka et.al (30%), all conducted in Riyadh, reflecting higher levels of antibiotic resistance in this region (13,21,22). It is noteworthy that the large-scale studies who included more than 1000 patients reported a relatively high prevalence of ESBL producing UPEC such as Balkhi et al (29%), followed by Abalkhail et.al (33.5%) (13,18,20,(23)(24)(25). On the other hand, Alghamdi et.al reported a relatively lower prevalence of 15%.…”

“…It is quite effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (36). Imipenem inhibits the bacterial cell wall synthesis, similar to other beta-lactam antibiotics (20,33). It is combined with cilastatin, which helps prevent in the breaking down of imipenem in the kidneys (37).…”