Extent and characteristics of carotid plaques and brain parenchymal loss in asymptomatic patients with no indication for revascularization

Ammirati, Enrico; Moroni, Francesco; Magnoni, Marco; Rocca, Maria; Messina, Roberta; Anzalone, Nicoletta; Filippis, Costantino De; Scotti, Isabella; Besana, Francesca; Spagnolo, Pietro; Rimoldi, Ornella; Chiesa, Roberto; Falini, Andrea; Filippi, Massimo; Camici, Paolo G.

doi:10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100619

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…While the presence of carotid atherosclerosis does not necessarily translate into an event of ischemic stroke, the presence of carotid atherosclerosis increases the risk of ischemic stroke by 20% [ 100 ]. The presence of carotid plaques has also been associated with cerebral atrophy and reduced cognitive ability [ 101 ]. In turn, while more than a third of patients with NAFLD sufferred from carotid atherosclerosis, only 5.04% (95% CI, 2.74–9.09%) of patients with NAFLD suffered from a stroke with twice the risk (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.23–2.88; P =0.02) compared to those without NAFLD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease increases risk of carotid atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke: An updated meta-analysis with 135,602 individuals

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background & Aims:Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. While existing studies have examined cardiac remodeling in NAFLD, there has been less emphasis on the development of carotid atherosclerosis and stroke. We sought to conduct a metaanalysis to quantify the prevalence, risk factors and degree of risk increment of carotid atherosclerosis and stroke in NAFLD. Methods:Embase and Medline were searched for articles relating to NAFLD, carotid atherosclerosis, and stroke.Proportional data was analysed using a generalized linear mixed model. Pairwise meta-analysis was conducted to obtain odds ratio or weighted mean difference for comparison between patients with and without NAFLD. Results:From pooled analysis of 30 studies involving 7,951 patients with NAFLD, 35.02% (95%CI: 27.36% to 43.53%) had carotid atherosclerosis with an odds ratio of 3.20 (95%CI: 2.37 to 4.32; p<0.0001).Pooled analysis of 25,839 patients with NAFLD found the prevalence of stroke to be 5.04% (95%CI: 2.74% to 9.09%) with an odds ratio of 1.88 (95%CI: 1.23 to 2.88; p=0.02) compared to non-NAFLD.The degree of steatosis assessed by ultrasonography in NAFLD was closely associated with increment in odds of carotid atherosclerosis and stroke. Older age significantly increased the odds of developing carotid atherosclerosis but not stroke in NAFLD. Conclusions:This meta-analysis shows that a stepwise increment of steatosis of NAFLD can significantly increase the odds of carotid atherosclerosis and stroke development in NAFLD. More than a third suffer from carotid atherosclerosis and routine assessment of carotid atherosclerosis is quintessential in NAFLD.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease increases risk of carotid atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke: An updated meta-analysis with 135,602 individuals

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As aforementioned, with the decrease of perfusion and alteration of morphology in cortical areas, the decrease in the volume of brain regions (mainly gray matter) involved in multisensory vestibular processing is a significant event in the development of PPPD [6,10]. CAS is independently associated with CSVD and the reduction in gray matter volume especially in cortical areas [41,42]. This might be due to the high metabolic requirements of gray matter and its susceptibility to factors that affect the regulation of CBF [42].…”

Section: Casmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…On the other hand, these potential risk factors of PPPD (hypertension, CAS, WMHs and LI) may be interactive during some pathological processes, including blood-brain barrier dysfunction and endothelial dysfunction during the occurrence and development of PPPD [50][51][52]. It was observed that CAS was positively related to the occurrence and severity of WMHs [42]. The possible interaction among different potential risk factors in the development of PPPD deserves further investigation.…”

Section: Possible Interaction Among Different Potential Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…CAS is independently associated with CSVD and the reduction in gray matter volume especially in cortical areas [41,42]. This might be due to the high metabolic requirements of gray matter and its susceptibility to factors that affect the regulation of CBF [42]. Therefore, we hypothesized that CAS might induce the reduction of gray matter volume in PPPD-related areas via hemodynamic and metabolic mechanisms.…”

Section: Casmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Potential risk factors of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness: a pilot study

Liu

et al. 2021

J Neurol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) unifies the main characteristics of chronic subjective dizziness, visual vertigo and related diseases, which is a common chronic disease in neurology. At present, the pathology of PPPD is not fully understood. Objective In this single-center retrospective case series review, we aim to investigate the potential risk factors of PPPD. Methods Eighty inpatients diagnosed with PPPD were recruited with 81 apparently healthy controls. Patient-specific clinicoradiological data were collected from both groups. Conditions of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and drinking were derived from medical history. Blood test results were recorded including total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fibrinogen, vitamin B12, folic acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and folate level. The subjects were examined by carotid artery CTA and cranial MRI, and the imaging findings of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and lacunar infarction (LI) were recorded. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the difference between the case and control groups. Significance was defined as p value less than 0.05. ResultsThe prevalence rate of hypertension in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the detection rates of CAS, WMHs, and LI in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusion Hypertension, CAS, WMHs, and LI are associated with PPPD, which may be potential risk factors for its development.

show abstract

“…On the other hand, many epidemiological studies have shown the link between ARHL and AD associated with the loss of the brainstem and cerebellar volume [ 25 ]. Moreover, this biomarker has been established for various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathologies, including congenital heart disease, stroke and carotid stenosis [ 24 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introduction: Alzheimer’s Disease—etiology and Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Cerebrovascular Dysfunction to Age-Related Hearing Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease—Are Systemic Approaches for Diagnosis and Therapy Required?

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with neurovascular dysfunction, cognitive decline, and the accumulation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) in the brain and tau-related lesions in neurons termed neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Aβ deposits and NFT formation are the central pathological hallmarks in AD brains, and the majority of AD cases have been shown to exhibit a complex combination of systemic comorbidities. While AD is the foremost common cause of dementia in the elderly, age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most predominant sensory deficit in the elderly. During aging, chronic inflammation and resulting endothelial dysfunction have been described and might be key contributors to AD; we discuss an intriguing possible link between inner ear strial microvascular pathology and blood–brain barrier pathology and present ARHL as a potentially modifiable and treatable risk factor for AD development. We present compelling evidence that ARHL might well be seen as an important risk factor in AD development: progressive hearing impairment, leading to social isolation, and its comorbidities, such as frailty, falls, and late-onset depression, link ARHL with cognitive decline and increased risk of dementia, rendering it tempting to speculate that ARHL might be a potential common molecular and pathological trigger for AD. Additionally, one could speculate that amyloid-beta might damage the blood–labyrinth barrier as it does to the blood–brain barrier, leading to ARHL pathology. Finally, there are options for the treatment of ARHL by targeted neurotrophic factor supplementation to the cochlea to improve cognitive outcomes; they can also prevent AD development and AD-related comorbidity in the future.

show abstract

Extent and characteristics of carotid plaques and brain parenchymal loss in asymptomatic patients with no indication for revascularization

Cited by 4 publications

References 50 publications

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease increases risk of carotid atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke: An updated meta-analysis with 135,602 individuals

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease increases risk of carotid atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke: An updated meta-analysis with 135,602 individuals

Potential risk factors of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness: a pilot study

Linking Cerebrovascular Dysfunction to Age-Related Hearing Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease—Are Systemic Approaches for Diagnosis and Therapy Required?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About