Extensive solubilization and depolymerization of cell wall polysaccharides during avocado (Persea americana) ripening involves concerted action of polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase

Wakabayashi, Kazuyuki; Chun, Jong-Pil; Huber, Donald J.

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.108004345.x

Cited by 34 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although PME is part of a large multi-gene family with functional redundancy, the isoform analyzed here is a strong candidate for further studies of coffee fruit development and ripening. Similar to our results, PME activity has been reported in several ripening climacteric fruits, including kiwifruit, papaya, avocado, and peach (Redgwell et al, 1990;Paull et al, 1999;Wakabayashi et al, 2000;Brummel et al, 2004). During the ripening process, there are complex changes in the fruit wall due to the presence of cell wall softening enzymes and/or enzymatic inhibitors (Ali et al, 2004).…”

Section: Capme4 Expression During Fruit Development and Ripening And supporting

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gene expression and enzymatic activity of pectin methylesterase during fruit development and ripening in Coffea arabica L.

Cação

Leite

Budzinski³

et al. 2012

Genet. Mol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Coffee quality is directly related to the harvest and post harvest conditions. Non-uniform maturation of coffee fruits, combined with inadequate harvest, negatively affects the final quality of the product. Pectin methylesterase (PME) plays an important role in fruit softening due to the hydrolysis of methylester groups in cell wall pectins. In order to characterize the changes occurring during coffee fruit maturation, the enzymatic activity of PME was measured during different stages of fruit ripening. PME activity progressively increased from the beginning of the ripening process to the cherry fruit stage. In silico analysis of expressed sequence tags of the Brazilian Coffee Genome Project database identified 5 isoforms of PME. We isolated and cloned a cDNA homolog of PME for further characterization. CaPME4 transcription was analyzed in pericarp, perisperm, and endosperm tissues during fruit development and ripening as well as in other plant tissues. Northern blot analysis revealed increased transcription of CaPME4 in the pericarp 300 days after flowering. Low levels of CaPME4 mRNAs were observed in the endosperm 270 days after flowering. Expression of CaPME4 transcripts was strong in the branches and lower in root and flower tissues. We showed that CaPME4 acts specifically during the later stages of fruit ripening and possibly contributes to the softening of coffee fruit, thus playing a significant role in pectin degradation in the fruit pericarp.

show abstract

Section: Capme4 Expression During Fruit Development and Ripening And supporting

confidence: 92%

“…During fruit softening, pectins and hemicelluloses typically undergo solubilization and depolymerization, which contribute to cell wall loosening and disassembly (Wakabayashi et al, 2000). Changes in the pectin matrix are important for regulating the cell wall structure during fruit ripening and senescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression and enzymatic activity of pectin methylesterase during fruit development and ripening in Coffea arabica L.

Cação

Leite

Budzinski³

et al. 2012

Genet. Mol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PMEs also can act in a nonlinear fashion and deesterify only individual galacturonate residues or short stretches, which does not allow for calcium bridges to form, leading to a looser cell wall matrix structure. PME activity might promote the subsequent action of cell wall hydrolases such as endopolygalacturonases (Wakabayashi et al, 2000(Wakabayashi et al, , 2003, which contribute to cell wall weakening and/or cell separation (González-Carranza et al, 2007). PMEs have been shown to be involved in pectin remodeling at different developmental stages, such as pollen tube growth (Eckardt, 2005), root elongation and its reaction to soil aluminum concentrations (Yang et al, 2013), hypocotyl elongation (Pelletier et al, 2010), fruit ripening (Hyodo et al, 2013), and seed germination .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polygalacturonase (PG) is a pectin-degrading enzyme that cleaves the a-1,4-D-galacturonosidic linkages of HG chains. Concerted action of PME and PG, therefore, is known to cause extensive pectin depolymerization (Wakabayashi et al, 2000(Wakabayashi et al, , 2003. Therefore, we assumed that, if testa and mucilage permeability depend on the state of pectin, PG should further enhance the testa permeability when exogenously applied in combination with 0.2 units of PME.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Promotion of Testa Rupture during Garden Cress Germination Involves Seed Compartment-Specific Expression and Activity of Pectin Methylesterases

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pectin methylesterase (PME) controls the methylesterification status of pectins and thereby determines the biophysical properties of plant cell walls, which are important for tissue growth and weakening processes. We demonstrate here that tissue-specific and spatiotemporal alterations in cell wall pectin methylesterification occur during the germination of garden cress (Lepidium sativum). These cell wall changes are associated with characteristic expression patterns of PME genes and resultant enzyme activities in the key seed compartments CAP (micropylar endosperm) and RAD (radicle plus lower hypocotyl). Transcriptome and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis as well as PME enzyme activity measurements of separated seed compartments, including CAP and RAD, revealed distinct phases during germination. These were associated with hormonal and compartment-specific regulation of PME group 1, PME group 2, and PME inhibitor transcript expression and total PME activity. The regulatory patterns indicated a role for PME activity in testa rupture (TR). Consistent with a role for cell wall pectin methylesterification in TR, treatment of seeds with PME resulted in enhanced testa permeability and promoted TR. Mathematical modeling of transcript expression changes in germinating garden cress and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds suggested that group 2 PMEs make a major contribution to the overall PME activity rather than acting as PME inhibitors. It is concluded that regulated changes in the degree of pectin methylesterification through CAP-and RAD-specific PME and PME inhibitor expression play a crucial role during Brassicaceae seed germination.

show abstract

“…Polyuronide depolymerization mediated by polygalacturonase is observed during ripening although its extent seems to vary depending on the fruit species (Brummell, 2006). Polyuronide is considerably depolymerized into small molecules in melting or highly softened stages in fruit such as avocado (Persea americana) (Huber and O'Donoghue, 1993;Sakurai and Nevins, 1997;Wakabayashi et al, 2000), tomato (Brummell and Labavitch, 1997;Huber and O'Donoghue, 1993) and kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) (Redgwell et al, 1992;Terasaki et al, 2001). Extremely limited depolymerization of polyuronide during ripening was even observed in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) (Huber, 1984), apple (Yoshioka et al, 1992), banana (Musa spp.)…”

Section: Post Polygalacturonasementioning

confidence: 99%

β-Galactosidase and α-L-Arabinofuranosidase in Cell Wall Modification Related with Fruit Development and Softening

Tateishi

2008

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fruit softening and textural changes are two important factors of fruit quality. The loss of galactosyl and arabinosyl residues from cell wall polysaccharides is observed in many fruit species during ripening. The release of neutral sugar residues could change wall polysaccharides properties of accessibility or reactivity for other cell wall hydrolases. β-Galactosidase and α-L-arabinofuranosidase contribute to the loss of neutral sugar residues. Thus, the enzymes alter polysaccharide properties and might contribute to fruit softening or textural changes during ripening. β-Galactosidase is composed of multiple isozymes and they are clearly distinguishable by their substrate specificity and expression pattern of the related gene. A transgenic experiment revealed that a β-galactosidase isozyme plays an important role in tomato fruit softening. In addition to fruit softening, the contribution of β-galactosidase to plant development is also indicated. α-L-Arabinofuranosidase genes constitute a gene family and the isozymes are expressed in various organs and stages. Moreover, several α-L-arabinofuranosidases possess β-xylosidase activity in addition to α-L-arabinofuranosidase activity, therefore, substrate specificity against native polysaccharides is very complex. Arabinose containing polysaccharides seem to contribute to cell to cell adhesion but the crucial roles of α-L-arabinofuranosidase in fruit development or softening remain unclear. Further biochemical and physiological studies of the enzyme are required.

show abstract

Extensive solubilization and depolymerization of cell wall polysaccharides during avocado (Persea americana) ripening involves concerted action of polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Gene expression and enzymatic activity of pectin methylesterase during fruit development and ripening in Coffea arabica L.

Gene expression and enzymatic activity of pectin methylesterase during fruit development and ripening in Coffea arabica L.

Promotion of Testa Rupture during Garden Cress Germination Involves Seed Compartment-Specific Expression and Activity of Pectin Methylesterases

β-Galactosidase and α-L-Arabinofuranosidase in Cell Wall Modification Related with Fruit Development and Softening

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About