Extensive Recruitment of Plasma Blasts to the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Toscana Virus Encephalitis

Schirmer, Lucas; Wölfel, Silke; Georgi, Enrico; Ploner, Markus; Bauer, B.; Hemmer, Bernhard

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofv124

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…One case of meningitis caused by Toscana virus was observed, which the patient acquired during vacation in Tuscany . Toscana virus is a common cause of aseptic meningitis during summertime in central Italy .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spectrum of aseptic central nervous system infections in southern Germany – demographic, clinical and laboratory findings

Kaminski

Grummel

Hoffmann

et al. 2017

Euro J of Neurology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spectrum of aseptic central nervous system infections in southern Germany – demographic, clinical and laboratory findings

Kaminski

Grummel

Hoffmann

et al. 2017

Euro J of Neurology

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“…This is likely why most cases are reported in Italy besides the fact that TOSV has been discovered in Italy and that physicians are much more aware of its existence than in other at risk countries. This oversight is highlighted by numerous retrospective studies, which suggest that many cases of TOSV infection are classified as "infections due to unknown pathogenic agents" due to the absence of specific laboratory screening for TOSV (35,51,76,77). Nevertheless, most TOSV cases exhibit nonspecific signs or symptoms with short duration in non-severe cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The musculoskeletal symptoms observed included cramps, myalgia/arthralgia, myositis/fasciitis, and muscle stiffness. Among the 51 patients who exhibited these symptoms, all presented with myalgia and/or arthralgia (12,18,22,35,38,44,45,(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)) (Table4).…”

Section: Muscular Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toscana Virus Infection Clinical Characterization

Ayhan,

Eldin,

Charrel

2024

Preprint

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Background: Toscana virus (TOSV) is a sandfly-borne phlebovirus causing central nervous system (CNS) infection in Mediterranean countries, during summer season. However, clinical aspects of the disease caused by this virus are poorly known by clinicians, so that its prevalence is probably underestimated due to a lack of diagnosis. Study design: We gathered data from all available case series and retrospective studies identifying TOSV as the causative viral agent. The informations of age, sex, clinical characteristics, laboratory ﬁndings, imaging results and clinical outcomes of TOSV infection were recorded and analyzed. Results: In our review a total of 95 articles including TOSV infections resulting in a total of 1,381 cases were analyzed. Our findings indicate, TOSV affects individuals across various age groups, with a median age of 44.45 years. A notable disparity in infection rates between genders, with men being significantly more likely to present symptoms due to TOSV than women, with a sex ratio of 2.0 (p<0.001). The clinical presentation of TOSV infection encompasses a range of symptoms, including fever, headache, retro-orbital pain, neurological and muscular manifestations with less common reports of cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms. To date, six fatalities have been attributed to TOSV infections, with a median age of 76 years. Diagnostic evaluation of TOSV infections often involves the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, where findings may include an elevated white blood cell count. Conclusions: These findings underscore the diverse clinical manifestations of TOSV infections and highlight the importance of considering this pathogen in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with acute febrile illness, especially in endemic regions. TOSV represents an emerging infectious threat that warrants inclusion in the diagnostic protocols for patients presenting with CNS, particularly within the Mediterranean basin or for those with recent travel history to endemic regions during warmer months when sandflies are actively circulating.

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“…Elevated CD4/CD8 ratios have been described in stroke, Guillain-Barré syndrome and multiple sclerosis (MS) and low CD4/CD8 ratios in HIV. B cells and activated plasmablasts are elevated in infectious conditions including HIV and Lyme disease as well-autoimmune diseases like MS (21, 22), while monocyte counts are low in these diseases but elevated in glioblastoma patients (23, 24). Notably, NK cells have been reported to be elevated in patients with viral meningitis (24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Cell High-Throughput Technologies in Cerebrospinal Fluid Research and Diagnostics

et al. 2019

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High-throughput single-cell technologies have recently emerged as essential tools in biomedical research with great potential for clinical pathology when studying liquid and solid biopsies. We provide an update on current single-cell methods in cerebrospinal fluid research and diagnostics, focusing on high-throughput cell-type specific proteomic and genomic technologies. Proteomic methods comprising flow cytometry and mass cytometry as well as genomic approaches including immune cell repertoire and single-cell transcriptomic studies are critically reviewed and future directions discussed.

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Extensive Recruitment of Plasma Blasts to the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Toscana Virus Encephalitis

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

The spectrum of aseptic central nervous system infections in southern Germany – demographic, clinical and laboratory findings

The spectrum of aseptic central nervous system infections in southern Germany – demographic, clinical and laboratory findings

Toscana Virus Infection Clinical Characterization

Single-Cell High-Throughput Technologies in Cerebrospinal Fluid Research and Diagnostics

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