Extensive pallidal and white matter injury following cocaine overdose

Roock, Sophie De; Hantson, Philippe; Laterre, Pierre‐François; Duprez, Thierry

doi:10.1007/s00134-007-0773-1

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Similar lesions have been noted in the deep white matter in cases of chronic abuse of cocaine but rarely after an acute intoxication (1,5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Bilateral lesions of the globus pallidus in a young woman

Kadi¹,

Rumy²,

Stadnik³

et al. 2014

Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology

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we report a case of stroke due to cocaine abuse in a 30-year-old woman. the initial examinations pointing to this diagnosis were Ct and mri. magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral globus pallidus infarction characterized by restricted Diffusion with low aDC values. there was also a partial hemorrhagic component confirmed on t2* sequence. after gadolinium injection there was a ring enhancement consistent with a blood brain barrier leakage. similar lesions have been described in post hypoxic-anoxic injuries such as following cardiac arrest, severe blood loss and Co intoxication.

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“…Similar lesions have been noted in the deep white matter in cases of chronic abuse of cocaine but rarely after an acute intoxication (1,5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Bilateral lesions of the globus pallidus in a young woman

Kadi¹,

Rumy²,

Stadnik³

et al. 2014

Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology

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“…A single period of intense cocaine use may even cause WM hyperintensities. After a single “binge” use of cocaine, a patient with a past history of drug dependence but no history of CD was diagnosed with bilateral WM hyperintensities of the palladi and splenium of the corpus callosum (CC) attributed to the cocaine overdose (De Roock et al, 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing white matter integrity as a function of abstinence duration in former cocaine-dependent individuals

Bell

Foxe

Nierenberg

et al. 2010

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Current cocaine-dependent users show reductions in white matter (WM) integrity, especially in cortical regions associated with cognitive control that have been associated with inhibitory dysfunction. A key question is whether these white matter differences are present following abstinence from drug use. To address this, WM integrity was examined using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) obtained on 43 cocaine abstinent patients (abstinence duration ranged between five days and 102 weeks) and 43 non-using controls. Additionally, a cross-sectional comparison separated the patients into three groups (short-term, mid-term and long-term) based upon duration of cocaine abstinence. The 43 cocaine abstinent patients showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left anterior callosal fibers, left genu of the corpus callosum, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, right callosal fibers and the superior corona radiata bilaterally when compared against non-using controls. Higher FA in the cocaine abstinent patients was observed in the splenium of the corpus callosum and right superior longitudinal fasciculus. Differences between the cocaine abstinent groups were observed bilaterally in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, right anterior thalamic radiation, right ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, left superior corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus bilaterally, right cingulum and the WM of the right precentral gyrus. The results identified WM differences between cocaine abstinent patients and controls as well as distinct differences between abstinent subgroups. The findings suggest that

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“…Sudden cochlear injury with and without vestibular involvement has been reported with cocaine toxicity (Nicoucar et al, 2005;Fowler and King, 2008). The etiology of the injury is presumably vascular and may involve abrupt circulatory modifications with altered blood pressure and heart rate, cardiac arrhythmias, encephalopathy, and intralabyrinthine hemorrhage (Nicoucar et al, 2005;De Roock et al, 2007;Kondziella et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss following Polysubstance Narcotic Overdose

Schweitzer¹,

Darrat²,

Stach³

et al. 2011

J Am Acad Audiol

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Background: Auditory disorders associated with substance abuse are rare. Hearing loss secondary to heroin and hydrocodone abuse has been described variously as not always responsive to steroid management, as not always reversible, and in some cases, as nonresponsive profound sensorineural hearing loss requiring cochlear implantation. We present a case of a teenager with sudden-onset moderate to severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss after documented polysubstance "binging." The hearing loss improved substantially after high-dose steroid and vasoactive therapy.Purpose: The purpose of this report is to describe the hearing disorder of a patient who had awakened with a bilateral severe hearing loss following a night of recreational drug abuse.Research Design: Case report and review of the literature.Data Collection and Analysis: The subject of this report is an 18-yr-old patient with a history of substance abuse. Data collected were magnetic resonance /computed tomography brain imaging; metabolic, infectious disease, and autoimmune evaluation; and extensive audiologic evaluation, including pure-tone and speech audiometry, immittance measures, distortion-product otoacoustic emissions, and auditory brainstem response testing. Serial audiograms were collected for 10 mo following the onset of symptoms.Results: Two days of polysubstance abuse (heroin, benzodiazepine, alcohol, and crack [smoked cocaine]) resulted in moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss bilaterally. The loss responded to a 1 mo course of high-dose prednisone and a 10 mo course of pentoxifylline. Hearing sensitivity subsequently improved, leaving only residual high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss.Conclusions: This case report highlights the importance of "recreational" drug abuse in the evaluation of sudden hearing loss. Potential etiologies include altered pharmacokinetics, vascular spasm/ischemia, encephalopathy, acute intralabyrinthine hemorrhage, and genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes.

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Extensive pallidal and white matter injury following cocaine overdose

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Bilateral lesions of the globus pallidus in a young woman

Bilateral lesions of the globus pallidus in a young woman

Assessing white matter integrity as a function of abstinence duration in former cocaine-dependent individuals

Sudden Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss following Polysubstance Narcotic Overdose

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