Extensive nitrification and active ammonia oxidizers in two contrasting coastal systems of the Baltic Sea

Happel, Elisabeth; Bartl, Ines; Voß, Maren; Riemann, Lasse

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.14293

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…These values are much higher than those reported for pelagic water columns where the rate is usually <10 nmol L −1 d −1 (Shiozaki et al ., ), but they are comparable to those recorded in other estuarine or coastal waters (i.e. with rates of ~150 nmol L −1 d −1 ) (Happel et al ., ). The higher abundance of amoA , amoB and amoC genes and nitrification rate in the bottom samples indicate a higher abundance and potentially higher activity of ammonia oxidation in the bottom water layers of the PRE, when compared with the upper layers (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genomic adaptation to eutrophication of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea in the Pearl River estuary

Zou

Kao

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) are ubiquitous in natural ecosystems, and they are responsible for a significant fraction of ammonia oxidation globally. Since the first AOA isolate was established a decade ago, molecular surveys of their environmental distribution [based primarily on amplicon sequencing of the amoA, which codes for the alpha subunit of ammonia monooxygenase (AMO)], show that their habitats are believed to range from marine to terrestrial environments. However, the mechanisms of adaptation underpinning to their habitat expansion remain poorly understood. Here, we report that AOA accounts for almost all of the ammonia oxidizers in the shelf water adjacent to the Pearl River estuary (PRE), with the Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1‐like (SCM1‐like) being the main amoA genotype. Using a metagenomic approach, seven high‐quality AOA genomes were reconstructed from the PRE. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that four of these genomes with high completeness were closely affiliated with the Nitrosomatrinus catalina strain SPOT01, which was originally isolated off the coast of California. Genomic comparison revealed that the PRE AOA genomes encoded genes functioning in amino acid synthesis, xenobiotic biodegradation metabolism and transportation of inorganic phosphate and heavy metals. This illustrates the different adaptations of AOA in one of the largest estuaries in China, which is strongly influenced by anthropogenic input. Overall, this study provides additional genomic information about estuarine AOA and highlights the importance of their contribution to nitrification in eutrophic coastal environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genomic adaptation to eutrophication of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea in the Pearl River estuary

Zou

Kao

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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“…The similarity of the nitrification rates in the two estuaries is unexpected, given the difference in their trophic states. However, this might be explained by a recent study that found similar gene and transcript abundances as well as similar community compositions of ammonium-oxidising archaea and bacteria in the BBL of the Vistula and Öre estuaries (Happel et al, 2018). The positive correlations between the nitrification rates and the concentrations of PON and POC at both sites indicate a regulation of nitrification by particle-attached nitrifiers (Karl et al, 1984;Phillips et al, 1999), which profit from the direct NH + 4 supply during PON degradation (Bartl et al, 2018;Hsiao et al, 2014;Klawonn et al, 2015).…”

Section: Effects Of Contrasting Environmental Settings Onmentioning

confidence: 91%

Particulate organic matter controls benthic microbial N retention and N removal in contrasting estuaries of the Baltic Sea

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Estuaries worldwide act as “filters” of land-derived nitrogen (N) loads, yet differences in coastal environmental settings can affect the N filter function. We investigated microbial N retention (nitrification, ammonium assimilation) and N removal (denitrification, anammox) processes in the aphotic benthic system (bottom boundary layer (BBL) and sediment) of two Baltic Sea estuaries differing in riverine N loads, trophic state, geomorphology, and sediment type. In the BBL, rates of nitrification (5–227 nmol N L−1 d−1) and ammonium assimilation (9–704 nmol N L−1 d−1) were not enhanced in the eutrophied Vistula Estuary compared to the oligotrophic Öre Estuary. No anammox was detected in the sediment of either estuary, while denitrification rates were twice as high in the eutrophied (352±123 µmol N m−2 d−1) as in the oligotrophic estuary. Particulate organic matter (POM) was mainly of phytoplankton origin in the benthic systems of both estuaries. It seemed to control heterotrophic denitrification and ammonium assimilation as well as autotrophic nitrification by functioning as a substrate source of N and organic carbon. Our data suggest that in stratified estuaries, POM is an essential link between riverine N loads and benthic N turnover and may furthermore function as a temporary N reservoir. During long particle residence times or alongshore transport pathways, increased time is available for the recycling of N until its eventual removal, allowing effective coastal filtering even at low process rates. Understanding the key controls and microbial N processes in the coastal N filter therefore requires to also consider the effects of geomorphological and hydrological features.

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“…Mutual impact of these layers enhance microbial processes such as nitrification and also introduce DOM from sediments into bottom waters (Reader et al 2019). After a storm in the Vistula Estuary, ammonium from porewaters was microbially processed when the substrate became available (Happel et al 2018). In the Curonian Lagoon water column and BBL samples likely indicated fully mixed conditions, while higher concentrations of DIN and DON in summer is a result of resuspension and release of mineralised N from sediment and recycling in the water (Zilius et al 2018).…”

Section: Relationships Between River Dom and Land Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and fate of dissolved organic matter in four shallow Baltic Sea estuaries

et al. 2020

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Coastal waters have strong gradients in dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity and characteristics, originating from terrestrial inputs and autochthonous production. Enclosed seas with high freshwater input therefore experience high DOM concentrations and gradients from freshwater sources to more saline waters. The brackish Baltic Sea experiences such salinity gradients from east to west and from river mouths to the open sea. Furthermore, the catchment areas of the Baltic Sea are very diverse and vary from sparsely populated northern areas to densely populated southern zones. Coastal systems vary from enclosed or open bays, estuaries, fjords, archipelagos and lagoons where the residence time of DOM at these sites varies and may control the extent to which organic matter is biologically, chemically or physically modified or simply diluted with transport off-shore. Data of DOM with simultaneous measurements of dissolved organic (DO) nitrogen (N), carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) across a range of contrasting coastal systems are scarce. Here we present data from the Roskilde Fjord, Vistula and Öre estuaries and Curonian Lagoon; four coastal systems with large differences in salinity, nutrient concentrations, freshwater inflow and catchment characteristics. The C:N:P ratios of DOM of our data, despite high variability, show site specific significant differences resulting largely from differences residence time. Microbial processes seemed to have minor effects, and only in spring did uptake of DON in the Vistula and Öre estuaries take place and not at the other sites or seasons. Resuspension from sediments impacts bottom waters and the entire shallow water column in the Curonian Lagoon. Finally, our data combined with published data show that land use in the catchments seems to impact the DOC:DON and DOC:DOP ratios of the tributaries most.

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Extensive nitrification and active ammonia oxidizers in two contrasting coastal systems of the Baltic Sea

Cited by 19 publications

References 72 publications

Genomic adaptation to eutrophication of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea in the Pearl River estuary

Genomic adaptation to eutrophication of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea in the Pearl River estuary

Particulate organic matter controls benthic microbial N retention and N removal in contrasting estuaries of the Baltic Sea

Origin and fate of dissolved organic matter in four shallow Baltic Sea estuaries

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