Extensive literature search on organic arsenic in food

Licht, Oliver; Breuer, Franziska; Baskirov, Alina; Blümlein, Katharina; Kellner, Rupert; Pallapies, Dirk; Partosch, Falko; Pieczyk, Bianca; Schwonbeck, Susanne; Wiedemeier, Petra; Zwintscher, Ariane

doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2022.en-7565

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A call for a literature search and review was launched in January 2022 (NP/EFSA/BIOCONTAM/2021/01) with the aim to identify and review relevant literature related to small organoarsenic species and arsenic species other than small organoarsenic species including any other organic arsenic species. A final project report has been delivered in August 2022 and was published by EFSA (Licht et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Data and Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food

Schrenk,

Bignami,

Bodin

et al. 2024

EFS2

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The European Commission asked EFSA for a risk assessment on small organoarsenic species in food. For monomethylarsonic acid MMA(V), decreased body weight resulting from diarrhoea in rats was identified as the critical endpoint and a BMDL10 of 18.2 mg MMA(V)/kg body weight (bw) per day (equivalent to 9.7 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as a reference point (RP). For dimethylarsinic acid DMA(V), increased incidence in urinary bladder tumours in rats was identified as the critical endpoint. A BMDL10 of 1.1 mg DMA(V)/kg bw per day (equivalent to 0.6 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as an RP. For other small organoarsenic species, the toxicological data are insufficient to identify critical effects and RPs, and they could not be included in the risk assessment. For both MMA(V) and DMA(V), the toxicological database is incomplete and a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied for risk characterisation. The highest chronic dietary exposure to DMA(V) was estimated in ‘Toddlers’, with rice and fish meat as the main contributors across population groups. For MMA(V), the highest chronic dietary exposures were estimated for high consumers of fish meat and processed/preserved fish in ‘Infants’ and ‘Elderly’ age class, respectively. For MMA(V), an MOE of ≥ 500 was identified not to raise a health concern. For MMA(V), all MOEs were well above 500 for average and high consumers and thus do not raise a health concern. For DMA(V), an MOE of 10,000 was identified as of low health concern as it is genotoxic and carcinogenic, although the mechanisms of genotoxicity and its role in carcinogenicity of DMA(V) are not fully elucidated. For DMA(V), MOEs were below 10,000 in many cases across dietary surveys and age groups, in particular for some 95th percentile exposures. The Panel considers that this would raise a health concern.

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Section: Data and Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food

Schrenk,

Bignami,

Bodin

et al. 2024

EFS2

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show abstract

“…• EFSA first commissioned a comprehensive search and evaluation of the relevant literature. The report from this search (Licht et al, 2022) served as a starting point for the scientific opinion. • Additional literature searches were conducted following established protocols.…”

Section: How Did Efsa Carry Out This Work?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plain Language Summary of the Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food

2024

EFS2

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Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in foodBackground to the risk assessment• Risk managers need advice on the safety of food contaminants, such as arsenic, to establish maximum levels in foods that can be present without causing adverse health effects. • Small organoarsenic species are compounds that contain methyl groups, but no other organic groups, bound to arsenic. Monomethylarsonic acid V (MMA(V)) and dimethylarsinic acid V (DMA(V)) are the most abundant of these compounds in food. The highest concentrations are found in rice, algae and seafood. • In 2009, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) assessed the risks to human health related to the presence of arsenic in food. • Because of a lack of data in 2009, EFSA only evaluated the risks for inorganic arsenic but could not assess the risks of small organoarsenic species or complex organoarsenic species such as arsenobetaine, arsenosugars or arsenolipids.

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Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects: Differences by Chemical Structure, Chemical Form and Arsenic Methylation Capacity

Yamauchi¹,

Yoshida²,

Takata³

2023

Arsenic in the Environment - Sources, Impacts and Remedies

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Large-scale chronic arsenic poisoning in several areas worldwide has not been eradicated. Adverse health effects of inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure are associated with decreased arsenic methylation capacity (AMC). The AMC results from 21 children and 39 adults with acute arsenic poisoning support and effectively guide the analysis and evaluation of AMC in chronic arsenic poisoning. Results of the 65th-year follow-up for 6,223 cases of infants, who survived subacute arsenic poisoning, contribut to future projections against health effects (cancer and cognitive dysfunction). Currently, arsenolipids from fish and shellfish are attracting attention because of their direct association with brain dysfunction. Accordingly, the European Food Safety Authority is considering legal restrictions on their dietary intake. Modern society overlooks the environmental contamination and health hazards caused by arsenic chemical weapons mainly produced during World War II. This review aims to evaluation the various health effects of AMC reduction in acute, subacute, and chronic arsenic poisoning, in addition to the methylarsenic compounds such as arsenolipids, arsenosugars, and arsenobetaine, as well as arsenic chemical weapons like lewisite, diphenylchloroarsin, and diphenylcyanoarsine.

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Extensive literature search on organic arsenic in food

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food

Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food

Plain Language Summary of the Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food

Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects: Differences by Chemical Structure, Chemical Form and Arsenic Methylation Capacity

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