Extensive Investigation on the Effect of Niobium Insertion on the Physical and Biological Properties of 45S5 Bioactive Glass for Dental Implant

Abstract

Dental implants have emerged as one of the most consistent and predictable treatments in the oral surgery field. However, the placement of the implant is sometimes associated with bacterial infection leading to its loss. In this work, we intend to solve this problem through the development of a biomaterial for implant coatings based on 45S5 Bioglass® modified with different amounts of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5). The structural feature of the glasses, assessed by XRD and FTIR, did not change in spite of Nb2O5 incorporation. The Raman spectra reveal the Nb2O5 incorporation related to the appearance of NbO4 and NbO6 structural units. Since the electrical characteristics of these biomaterials influence their osseointegration ability, AC and DC electrical conductivity were studied by impedance spectroscopy, in the frequency range of 102–106 Hz and temperature range of 200–400 K. The cytotoxicity of glasses was evaluated using the osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells line. The in vitro bioactivity studies and the antibacterial tests against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria revealed that the samples loaded with 2 mol% Nb2O5 had the highest bioactivity and greatest antibacterial effect. Overall, the results showed that the modified 45S5 bioactive glasses can be used as an antibacterial coating material for implants, with high bioactivity, being also non-cytotoxic to mammalian cells.

Bioactive materials‐coated polybutylene‐adipate‐co‐terephthalate 3D‐printed scaffolds for application in the bone tissues engineering

“…45 Considering that there was no significant change in the scaffold porosity and its average value was around 60%, the obtained biomaterials could be applied in the tissue engineering of cancellous bone. 46,47 This result highlights that the covering the surface maintained the porosity characteristics initially designed and desired.…”

“…According to Zhang et al, the natural bone has a heterogeneous structure, which is composed by two basic architectures: (i) cortical bone (exterior), which is highly compact and stiff with nearly 10% porosity; and (ii) cancellous bone (core), which is an irregular network composed of beam and shell‐like structures (50%–90% porosity) for the transport of nutrients and metabolism 45 . Considering that there was no significant change in the scaffold porosity and its average value was around 60%, the obtained biomaterials could be applied in the tissue engineering of cancellous bone 46,47 . This result highlights that the covering the surface maintained the porosity characteristics initially designed and desired.…”

Bioactive Glass Modified with Zirconium Incorporation for Dental Implant Applications: Fabrication, Structural, Electrical, and Biological Analysis

“…The XRD patterns of the Bioglass samples modified by the insertion of ZrO 2 are shown in Figure 1 . The 45S5 Bioglass sample, Zr0, did not reveal any sharp or discrete diffraction peaks but instead shows broad bands characteristic of amorphous materials [ 11 , 15 , 25 ]. The insertion of a small quantity of ZrO 2 (less than 2 mol%) into the glass network did not change the amorphous characteristics of the 45S5 Bioglass.…”

“…Additionally, a shoulder observed at 590 cm −1 is associated with the bending vibration of the P–O molecule. The Si–O–Si bending mode is linked to the band appearing at around 496 cm −1 [ 15 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

“…Several studies have reported that the insertion of inorganic ions such as iron, copper, silver, niobium, zirconium, etc., into the glass network improves its biological response [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The use of zirconium (Zr) has been actively studied due to its superior mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and excellent osseointegration property, making it a promising material for use in regenerative medicine [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”