Extensive identification of serum metabolites related to microbes in different gut locations and evaluating their associations with porcine fatness

Abstract

Gut microbiota plays important roles in host metabolism. Whether and how much the gut microbiota in different gut locations contributes to the variations of host serum metabolites are largely unknown, because it is difficult to obtain microbial samples from different gut locations on a large population scale. Here, we quantified the gut microbial compositions using 16S rRNA gene sequencing for 1070 samples collected from the ileum, cecum and faeces of 544 F6 pigs from a mosaic pig population. Untargeted metabolome measurements determined serum metabolome profiles. We found 1671, 12,985 and 103,250 significant correlations between circulating serum metabolites and bacterial ASVs in the ileum, cecum, and faeces samples. We detected nine serum metabolites showing significant correlations with gut bacteria in more than one gut location. However, most metabolite-microbiota pairwise associations were gut location-specific. Targeted metabolome analysis revealed that CDCA, taurine, L-leucine and N-acetyl-L-alanine can be used as biomarkers to predict porcine fatness. Enriched taxa in fat pigs, for example Prevotella and Lawsonia intracellularis were positively associated with L-leucine, while enriched taxa in lean pigs, such as Clostridium butyricum, were negatively associated with L-leucine and CDCA, but positively associated with taurine and N-acetyl-L-alanine. These results suggested that the contributions of gut microbiota in each gut location to the variations of serum metabolites showed spatial heterogeneity.

Mutualistic interactions of lactate‐producing lactobacilli and lactate‐utilizing Veillonella dispar: Lactate and glutamate cross‐feeding for the enhanced growth and short‐chain fatty acid production

“…Therefore, in such a complex microbial ecosystem, production of acetate and propionate from Veillonella is likely to benefit both the host and other commensal bacteria (Figure 5 ). In particular, both Veillonella and lactobacilli are commonly identified as part of the ileum microbiota (Liu et al., 2023 ).…”

Microbial Risks Caused by Livestock Excrement: Current Research Status and Prospects

“…Generally, culture-dependent techniques may only capture a fraction of the microbial diversity, leading to an incomplete understanding of the overall ecosystem [ 214 ]. Furthermore, sampling and spatial heterogeneity pose additional challenges in microbial research [ 215 ]. Livestock excrement is inherently variable, with microbial communities varying across animal species, diets, management practices, and environmental conditions.…”