Extensive genetic divergence associated with speciation in filamentous fungi

Vilgalys, Rytas; Johnson, John L.

doi:10.1073/pnas.84.8.2355

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…(1,2,10). Congruence between patterns of rDNA evolution with mating behavior and biogeography suggests that processes that might otherwise confound analysis of organismal phylogeny (e.g., paralogy, interspecific gene flow) are not likely to be a significant factor for analysis of speciation at the population levels sampled in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Ancient and recent patterns of geographic speciation in the oyster mushroom Pleurotus revealed by phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA sequences.

Vilgalys

Sun

1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

282

167

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Evidence from molecular systematic studies suggests that many mushroom species may be quite ancient. Gene phylogenies were developed to examine the relationship between reproductive isolation, genetic divergence, and biogeography in oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus). Sequence data were obtained for two regions of DNA from populations belonging to eight intersterility groups (biological species). Phylogenetic analysis of sequences from the 5' portion of the nuclear encoded large subunit rDNA demonstrates an ancient origin for four intersterility groups of broad geographic distribution (world-wide), with a more recent radiation of several intersterility groups that are restricted to the Northern Hemisphere. An expanded analysis using sequence data from the more variable rDNA internal transcribed spacer region also reveals a phylogenetically based pattern of genetic divergence associated with allopatric speciation among populations from different continents in the Northern Hemisphere. The ability of rDNA sequences to resolve phylogenetic relationships among geographically isolated populations within intersterility groups illustrates the importance of biogeography for understanding speciation in Pleurotus. Patterns of geographic distribution among intersterility groups suggest that several species lineages evolved quite early, with recently evolved groups restricted to the Northern Hemisphere and older lineages occurring throughout the world. Based on phylogenetic evidence, analysis of historical biogeography using area cladograms shows that multiple dispersal and vicariance events are responsible for patterns of speciation observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Speciation in many mushroom groups is often associated with tremendous levels of genetic divergence that suggest an ancient origin for some species (1). Within many mushroom species, clear patterns of morphological and genetic divergence among geographically distinct populations also suggest an allopatric mode for speciation (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient and recent patterns of geographic speciation in the oyster mushroom Pleurotus revealed by phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA sequences.

Vilgalys

Sun

1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

282

167

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“…Additional support for a limited spore dispersal hypothesis derives from studies that have invoked geographical barriers to explain genetically divergent allopatric species (e.g. Vilgalys & Johnson 1987; Wells & Wong 1989; Vilgalys & Sun 1994a). While the documentation of dispersal patterns from a point source strongly supports the limited dispersal distance hypothesis, more direct observations of spore dispersal, as well as population genetic data, are necessary to understand the influence of long‐distance spore dispersal in shaping fungal species distributions and population structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and diversity of Schizophyllum commune spore clouds in the Caribbean detected by selective sampling

James

Vilgalys

2001

Molecular Ecology

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Selective spore trapping and molecular genotyping methods were employed to examine potential long‐distance gene flow among Caribbean populations of the common mushroom Schizophyllum commune. Spore‐trap samples from five locations were analysed using restriction fragment polymorphisms of five enzymatically amplified gene regions. Successful trappings suggested S. commune spores to be abundant in the air, with an estimated sedimentation rate of ≈ 18 spores/m2/h. High levels of genetic diversity characterized the spore‐trap samples, with as many as 12 alleles observed at a single locus (chitin synthase) over all samples. In addition, spore‐trap samples showed significant among sample heterogeneity including geographical population substructure. The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) intergenic spacer displayed the greatest allele frequency differences among samples, clearly separating the samples into those possessing only a South American‐type allele and those segregating for both North and South American‐type alleles. The molecular variation provided no clear evidence for dispersal over large, aquatic barriers within the Caribbean region, and instead suggested that spore‐trapping experiments are primarily reflective of the local, established population.

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“…3) than previously thought (Thomson, 1984, see above), our data suggest that changes in morphological characters may be strongly selected against in the evolution of the P. aphthosa-group. Alternatively, molecular and morphological evolution could be decoupled, resulting in large genetic divergences associated with speciation (Vilgalys and Johnson, 1987;Bruna et al, 1996, and references therein). In either case, genetic divergence may be further enhanced by ancient diversification of the genus.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Mycobionts of Photomorph Pairs in the Peltigerineae (Lichenized Ascomycetes) Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences of the Nuclear Ribosomal DNA

Goffinet

Bayer

1997

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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Goffinet, B., and Bayer, R. J. 1997. Characterization of mycobionts of photomorph pairs in the Peltigerineae (lichenized ascomycetes) based on internal transcribed spacer sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genetics and Biology 21, 228-237. The The ''one fungus-two photomorphs'' hypothesis suggests that certain lichenized fungi can establish a symbiotic relationship with either a eukaryotic or a prokaryotic photobiont. Such pairs of photomorphs are well know from cephalodiate Peltigerineae. Using an ascomycete-specific primer we amplified the internal transcribed spacer region of the nrDNA repeat of the mycobiont from total ''lichen DNA'' extracts of Peltigera malacea, photomorphs of P. aphthosa, P. britannica, and P. leucophlebia, Nephroma expallidum, and photomorphs of N. arcticum. Comparisons of 5.8S sequences suggest that the sequences obtained belong to the mycobiont and thus, that the ascomycetespecific primer is adequate for amplifying fungal DNA from total lichen-DNA extracts. The strict identity of nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of the nrDNA repeat between joined-photomorphs supports the one fungus-two photomorphs hypothesis. Photomorphs may thus primarily reflect phenotypic plasticity of photomorphic fungi in response to changing environmental conditions. The cyanomorph recently reported for P. leucophlebia is shown to be based on a misidentified specimen of P. aphthosa. Comparisons of the ITS sequences further supports recognizing P. aphthosa, P. britannica, and P. leucophlebia at the species rather than the infraspecific level. r 1997 Academic Press

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Extensive genetic divergence associated with speciation in filamentous fungi

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Ancient and recent patterns of geographic speciation in the oyster mushroom Pleurotus revealed by phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA sequences.

Ancient and recent patterns of geographic speciation in the oyster mushroom Pleurotus revealed by phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA sequences.

Abundance and diversity of Schizophyllum commune spore clouds in the Caribbean detected by selective sampling

Characterization of Mycobionts of Photomorph Pairs in the Peltigerineae (Lichenized Ascomycetes) Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences of the Nuclear Ribosomal DNA

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