Extensions of the picture superiority effect in associative recognition.

Abstract

Previous research has shown that the picture superiority effect (PSE) is seen in tests of associative recognition for random pairs of line drawings compared to pairs of concrete words (Hockley, 2008). In the present study we demonstrated that the PSE for associative recognition is still observed when subjects have correctly identified the individual items of each pair as old (Experiment 1), and that this effect is not due to rehearsal borrowing (Experiment 2). The PSE for associative recognition also is shown to be present but attenuated for mixed picture-word pairs (Experiment 3), and similar in magnitude for pairs of simple black and white line drawings and coloured photographs of detailed objects (Experiment 4). The results are consistent with the view that the semantic meaning of nameable pictures is activated faster than that of words thereby affording subjects more time to generate and elaborate meaningful associations between items depicted in picture form.

The picture superiority effect in associative memory: A developmental study

“…The studies on the PSE in associative memory seem to support this sensory‐semantic explanation. Hockley () found a recognition advantage of picture pairs of familiar objects over word pairs and, in another study, also an advantage of word–picture pairs over pure word pairs (Hockley & Bancroft, ; Exp. 3).…”

“…This so‐called picture superiority effect (PSE) seems to be independent of whether free recall, cued recall, or recognition is used in the memory test (e.g., Durso & O'Sullivan, ; Paivio, , ; Ritchey, ; Stenberg, Radeborg, & Hedman, ; Weldon, Roediger, & Challis, ). However, research so far focused on the PSE in memory for single items, while the PSE for associated items was rarely examined (Criss & Shiffrin, ; Hockley, ; Hockley & Bancroft, ; Xu & Malmberg, ). Moreover, despite extensive research on the PSE over the years, there is still a lack of studies that focus on developmental aspects and courses of the picture superiority effect for single (Defeyter, Russo, & McPartlin, ; Whitehouse, Mayberry, & Durkin, ), and particularly for associated items (Dilley & Paivio, ).…”

“…We expected higher memory performance and a stronger PSE for adults, because developmental differences likely concern both the associative memory (Shing et al ., ) and the picture superiority effect (Whitehouse et al ., ). Moreover, we expected the PSE for item pairs presented as pictures (P‐P) and as a combination of words and pictures (W‐P) (Hockley & Bancroft, ).…”

An Economist's Guide to Visualizing Data

“…Indeed, what is known as the "Picture Superiority Effect" refers acquire information. Indeed, what is known as the "Picture Superiority Effect" refers to our ability to retain more information seen through pictures than through words to our ability to retain more information seen through pictures than through words (for example , Medina 2008;Hockley and Bancroft 2011). There are thousands of (for example , Medina 2008;Hockley and Bancroft 2011).…”

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