Extensional fault-propagation folds: mechanical models and observations from the Modoc Plateau, northeastern California

White, Ian R.; Crider, Juliet G.

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2006.03.028

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In this case, the "true" tip of the fault zoneis situated at the lateral termination of the monocline, approximately 20m west of the point 116 at which the fault scarp disappears (Fig. 3d) and Crider, 2006). Added together, the continuous and discontinuous deformation define a 123 coherent fault array (Walsh et al, 1996;Long and Imber, 2010).…”

Section: Outcrop Scale Examples -Kilve 95mentioning

confidence: 95%

Geological controls on fault relay zone scaling

Long

Imber

2011

Journal of Structural Geology

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. suggests that the primary control on relay aspect ratio (overlap/separation) is a scale-12 invariant process, such as the stress interaction between the overlapping fault tips as 13 suggested by previous authors. Within the compiled global dataset host rock lithology does 14 not appear to be a first-order control. Much of the observed scatter can be attributed to the 15 spread of measurements recorded from individual relay zones, which relates to the evolving 16 three-dimensional geometry of the relay zone as displacements on the bounding faults 17 increase. Relay ramps exposed at two localities where the faults cut layered sedimentary 18 sequences display mean aspect ratios of 8.20 and 8.64 respectively, more than twice the 19 global mean (4.2). Such high aspect ratios can be attributed to the relay-bounding faults 20 having initially been confined within competent layers, facilitating the development of large 21 overlap lengths. The presence of pre-existing structures (veins) at fault tips may also 22 enhance fault propagation, giving rise to increased overlap lengths. 23 Keywords: 24Relay zone scaling; mechanical stratigraphy; fault interaction; aspect ratio; and stress field. 25 26 27

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Section: Outcrop Scale Examples -Kilve 95mentioning

confidence: 95%

Geological controls on fault relay zone scaling

Long

Imber

2011

Journal of Structural Geology

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“…They usually exhibit normal-drag geometry, with anticlines at the footwalls and synclines at the hanging walls. The amplitudes of the downwarping of the hanging wall and the upwarping of the footwall, as well as the subsidence and uplift at each wall respectively, increase with the fault dip and displacement (Erslev 1991;White and Crider 2006). As a consequence, the topographic variation is produced, which predominantly control the sedimentary environments.…”

Section: Slope Facies and Fault Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Type and evolution of carbonate platforms in Jixian Period Mesoproterozoic: southwestern margin of Ordos Basin

Chen

Xiao

et al. 2015

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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The Ordos block experienced extension in the Mesoproterozoic, during which the Longshan-Kuanping and Haiyuan rifts developed on its southwest margin. The Jixian Group (1.6-1.4 Ga) is mainly exposed on the rimmed and ramp-type platforms at the Qishan County, southwest of the Ordos block. The deposition associated with the rimmed platform margin consists of platform facies, platform edge facies, and slope facies, which are characterized by small tidal creeks, mud cracks and scour troughs, rockfalls, respectively. The ramp-type platform is dominated by platform edge facies, shelf facies and slope facies and featured by intraclastic dolostones, tempestites and debris flow sediments respectively. The syndepositional normal faults were well developed at the early stage of the rifting. Fault-related cracks and folds present in the adjacent strata. The uplift of the footwall rimmed the platform. The drag structures determine the local sedimentary environment. In the final stage of the rifting, the fault movement stopped. The surrounding rocks were undeformed. The slope became less steep, resulting in the formation of ramp-type platform. The study area in the Jixian period, Mesoproterozoic is located at a palaeocontinental margin, which has already shown good petroleum prospectivity. A clear study on the type of carbonate platforms and the evolution of the platforms can help reduce exploration risks by improve the understanding of the presence of the source rocks.

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“…A similar model has been proposed by Acocella et al [57] for faulting in the Ethiopian Rift, and by Cartwright and Mansfield [58] for fault systems in Utah, USA. White and Crider [59] state that as the fault accumulates throw, it propagates laterally and vertically through a fault propagation fold (beyond the tip-line of a lengthening fault), forcing the growth of a monocline. Martel and Langley [60] and Grant and Kattenhorn [4] suggest that vertical joints propagate to the surface from a dipping normal fault once the normal fault is in proximity to the surface.…”

Section: Fault Development and Numerical Models On Lateral Fault Propmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brittle tectonics of the Thingvellir and Hengill volcanic systems, Southwest Iceland: field studies and numerical modeling

Friese

2008

Geodinamica Acta

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This paper focuses on field studies and numerical models of fracture development in the area of the Hengill Central Volcano and its northern fissure swarm containing the Thingvellir Graben, in Southwest Iceland. Apart from additional field data on normal faults, a new detailed map of the Holocene fractures in the Thingvellir Graben is presented and used as a basis for numerical models on normal fault development. Field observations and models yield four basic results. First, hyaloclastite mountains in the area ("soft mechanical inclusions") tend to deflect or arrest propagating tension fractures and normal faults. Second, fractures with an en echelon arrangement and an overlapping configuration develop shear stress shadows and tend to prevent the linking up into larger fault segments. Third, fractures with an en echelon arrangement and underlapping configuration develop shear stress concentrations between nearby tips resulting in development of transverse shear faults (transfer fault). Fourth, colinear normal fault segments concentrate tensile stresses at their tips and encourage tip-to-tip growth into larger segments.

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Extensional fault-propagation folds: mechanical models and observations from the Modoc Plateau, northeastern California

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

Geological controls on fault relay zone scaling

Geological controls on fault relay zone scaling

Type and evolution of carbonate platforms in Jixian Period Mesoproterozoic: southwestern margin of Ordos Basin

Brittle tectonics of the Thingvellir and Hengill volcanic systems, Southwest Iceland: field studies and numerical modeling

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