The present special issue of The Anatomical Record is the result of a symposium entitled Evolution of the Special Senses in Primates. Considered together, the special senses of primates are remarkable because they constitute a singular and definitive suite of mammalian characteristics. Examining their evolution is pivotal for understanding the origin and present-day variation of primate behavior and ecology. Accordingly, the 14 articles assembled here consider the different constraints and opportunities associated with the uptake and use of physical and chemical stimuli. The present issue brings together experts on different primate sensory modalities and stresses events at the sensory periphery, where the organism is exposed to and comes into contact with its environment. Key topics include color vision, the genetics of olfaction, the morphological basis and significance of chemical communication, and the neural organization and scaling of primate sensory systems. The result is a special issue that both reflects our current understanding of primate sensory modalities and challenges certain fundamental assumptions concerning their evolution. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Key words: audition; gustation; olfaction; touch; vision; vomeronasalThis special issue of The Anatomical Record is the result of a symposium held during the 73rd annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. The symposium was the suggestion of Timothy D. Smith; the conveners were Nathaniel J. Dominy, Callum F. Ross, and Timothy D. Smith. It was presented in Tampa, Florida, on 17 April 2004. The title of the symposium and the present issue is Evolution of the Special Senses in Primates. We focus on primate special senses (vision, audition, olfaction, and gustation) for the same reasons the topic has already received much attention (Le Gros Clark, 1959;Noback, 1978;Martin, 1990)-because humans are primates and because there is a unique complexity in the expression of primate special senses. Two contributions to this issue consider the evolution of somatosensation, which also bears pivotal importance to the origin of Primates.Senses represent the anatomical interface between the environment and the behaving organism. The 14 articles assembled here emphasize the constraints and opportunities associated with sensing environmental information. The articles also examine the selective pressures in the evolution and behavioral ecology of primates; after all, the survival and reproductive success of an organism depends on the acquisition of sensory stimuli. In this regard, primates do not eat or reproduce with whatever is available; instead, they show considerable selectivity. A mixture of many analytically separable factors is locked together in a potential food resource or mate. These factors can be conveniently differentiated into two broad categories: physical and chemical. Accordingly, the following synopsis describes the contributions of the present special issue to our understanding of primate sensory systems within the...