We have proposed that the age-associated increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by electron transport chain (ETC) dysfunction may cause the elevated basal level of p38 MAPK stress response pathway activity. However, the mechanism by which ROS activates this pathway is not clear. Here we propose that activation of the p38 MAPK pathway by complex I (CI) generated ROS, in response to rotenone (ROT) treatment, is based on the ability of reduced Trx to bind to and inhibit ASK 1 and its release from the complex upon oxidation. This balance of free vs. bound ASK1 regulates the level of p38 MAPK pathway activity. To support this mechanism we demonstrate that the production of ROS by ROT treated AML12 hepatocyte cells dissociates the Trx-ASK1 complex, thereby increasing p38 MAPK pathway activity. This mechanism is supported by the ability of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to prevent dissociation of Trx-ASK1 and activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. We also demonstrated that the ratio of ASK1/Trx-ASK1 increases in aged mouse livers and that this correlates with the increased basal activity of the p38 MAPK pathway. The longevity of Snell dwarf mice has been attributed to their resistance to oxidative stress. A comparison of the levels of Trx-ASK1 in young and aged dwarfs showed a higher abundance of the complex than in their age-matched controls. These results, which are indicative of a decreased level of oxidative stress, suggest that increased ROS production in aged liver may alter the ratio of ASK1 and Trx-ASK1, thereby increasing the age-associated basal level of p38 MAPK pathway activity.-Hsieh, C.-C., Papaconstantinou, J. Thioredoxin-ASK1 complex levels regulate ROS-mediated p38 MAPK pathway activity in livers of aged and long-lived Snell dwarf mice.
Keywordsrotenone; MKK3 kinase; MKP-1 levels; MAPK signaling THE FREE RADICAL THEORY OF AGING proposes that endogenously produced oxygen radicals (ROS) are a basic cause of the progressive age-associated declines in tissue function, and that oxidative stress generated by extrinsic environmental factors accelerate this decline (1-6). Some of the biochemical characteristics of aged tissues are the consequences of an increase in their prooxidant state, and it has been hypothesized that this affects the activity and function of key proteins of signal transduction pathways that regulate stress response (7,8). Specifically, our past studies have shown that the regulation of translation of C/EBPα and C/EBPβ transcription factors and the increased basal levels of activities of p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK stress response signaling pathways suggest the development of a state of chronic stress in aged tissues (4,
NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript 7-13). However, although these studies suggest an interaction between the increased levels of intrinsic oxidative stress and of stress response signal transduction pathway activities, little is known about the mechanism that links these physiological characteristics of aged tissues.It has been shown that...