Extension of Ixodes ricinus ticks and agents of tick-borne diseases to mountain areas in the Czech Republic

Danielová, V.; Rudenko, Nataliia; Daniel, M.; Holubová, J; Materna, Jan; Golovchenko, Maryna; Schwarzová, Lucie

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2006.02.007

Cited by 94 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As a consequence, ticks have spread into higher latitudes (43) and altitudes (44). Interestingly, the data presented here, together with the previously published data (21,27), covering a period of about 30 years, indicate that the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato in questing I. ricinus ticks remains reasonably constant since the beginning of investigations into this issue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Europe-Wide Meta-Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks

Strnad

Hönig

Růžek

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

158

131

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Lyme borreliosis is the most common zoonotic disease transmitted by ticks in Europe and North America. Despite having multiple tick vectors, the causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, is vectored mainly by Ixodes ricinus in Europe. In the present study, we aimed to review and summarize the existing data published from 2010 to 2016 concerning the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes in questing I. ricinus ticks. The primary focus was to evaluate the infection rate of these bacteria in ticks, accounting for tick stage, adult tick gender, region, and detection method, as well as to investigate any changes in prevalence over time. The data obtained were compared to the findings of a previous metastudy. The literature search identified data from 23 countries, with 115,028 ticks, in total, inspected for infection with B. burgdorferi sensu lato. We showed that the infection rate was significantly higher in adults than in nymphs and in females than in males. We found significant differences between European regions, with the highest infection rates in Central Europe. The most common genospecies were B. afzelii and B. garinii, despite a negative correlation of their prevalence rates. No statistically significant differences were found among the prevalence rates determined by conventional PCR, nested PCR, and real-time PCR.IMPORTANCE Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is a pathogenic bacterium whose clinical manifestations are associated with Lyme borreliosis. This vector-borne disease is a major public health concern in Europe and North America and may lead to severe arthritic, cardiovascular, and neurological complications if left untreated. Although pathogen prevalence is considered an important predictor of infection risk, solitary isolated data have only limited value. Here we provide summarized information about the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes among host-seeking Ixodes ricinus ticks, the principal tick vector of borreliae in Europe. We compare the new results with previously published data in order to evaluate any changing trends in tick infection.KEYWORDS Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, tick, Ixodes ricinus, genospecies, metaanalysis, Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease T he Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group includes the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis (LB), the most prevalent human tick-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere (1). The bacterium is maintained in a horizontal transmission cycle between its vector, ticks of the genus Ixodes, and vertebrate reservoir host species. In Europe, there are a number of different B. burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies, many of them directly associated with human LB. The disease is caused predominantly by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii, B. garinii, and B. bavariensis (previously known as B. garinii OspA serotype 4) (2). In addition, four other genospecies are occasionally

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Europe-Wide Meta-Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks

Strnad

Hönig

Růžek

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

158

131

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show abstract

“…Careful investigation confirmed that one of the goats delivering the milk used for producing the suspected cheese loaf had been infected with the TBE virus and that this infection must have occurred at an altitude of about 1500 meters. This incidence, as well as similar ones observed in the Czech Republic [15], suggests that TBE-endemic areas are expanding to higher altitudes.…”

Section: Tbe Virus Hiking To Unprecedented Heightssupporting

confidence: 84%

From childhood to golden age: increased mobility – increased risk of contracting tick-borne encephalitis?

Kunze

2009

Wien Med Wochenschr

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“…In the last decades, the geographic range of Ixodes ricinus-the most important vector of tick borne zoonoses (TBZ) in Europe-expanded to previously free areas, including greater latitudes in Northern Europe, as well as greater altitudes in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe (Kirby et al, 2004;Materna et al, 2008;Danielová et al, 2006;Jore et al, 2011;Jaenson et al, 2012;Léger et al, 2012). Immature I. ricinus are commonly found on small rodents, which may play important roles in the transmission of agents of TBZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Range expansion of Ixodes ricinus to higher altitude, and co-infestation of small rodents with Dermacentor marginatus in the Northern Apennines, Italy

Martello

Mannelli

Ragagli³

et al. 2014

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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Extension of Ixodes ricinus ticks and agents of tick-borne diseases to mountain areas in the Czech Republic

Cited by 94 publications

References 12 publications

Europe-Wide Meta-Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks

Europe-Wide Meta-Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks

From childhood to golden age: increased mobility – increased risk of contracting tick-borne encephalitis?

Range expansion of Ixodes ricinus to higher altitude, and co-infestation of small rodents with Dermacentor marginatus in the Northern Apennines, Italy

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