Extensification of agriculture and deforestation: empirical evidence from Sudan

Elnagheeb, Abdelmoneim H.; Bromley, Daniel W.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-0862.1994.tb00301.x

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…These capture the financial incentives for clearing forest for agricultural expansion. Previous research supports the assertion that higher prices for agricultural products stimulate forest clearing by inducing existing and migrant populations to move resources into forest clearing as the agricultural frontier becomes more profitable (Elnagheeb & Bromley 1994;Bagachwa et al 1995;Barbier & Burgess 1996;.…”

Section: Empirical Approachmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Agricultural prices do not appear to be correlated with short-run forest-clearing activities in the two study areas. In the longer run, however, higher agricultural output prices could still stimulate forest expansion (Elnagheeb & Bromley 1994; Monela 1995; Bagachwa et al . 1995; Barbier & Burgess 1996; Angelsen & Kaimowitz 1999; Angelsen et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agricultural subsidies and forest clearing in Malawi

2012

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SUMMARYForests are an important source of environmental services and livelihoods in Africa, thus it is important to determine potential drivers of forest loss. Over recent decades, forest cover has been declining steadily in Malawi. This paper attempts to evaluate the influence of agricultural input subsidies on forest conversion in Malawi. A two-stage regression model analysis of 2009 farm survey data from Chimaliro and Liwonde Forest reserves in Kasungu and Machinga districts, respectively, did not reveal direct evidence of policy-induced forest clearing for agricultural expansion. Instead, subsidy-induced agricultural intensification of food crops, especially maize, appeared to have reduced the rate and extent of forest clearing among households in Malawi compared with households not benefiting from subsidies. However, indirect negative impacts on forests arose due to offtake of trees to construct drying sheds for tobacco, a local cash crop. These findings have implications for designing strategies for simultaneously conserving forests while promoting food security in rural areas, and shed light on the direct and indirect effects of input subsidies.

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Section: Empirical Approachmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural subsidies and forest clearing in Malawi

2012

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“…Although it is possible that some households might respond to higher agricultural prices by reducing the amount of land farmed, there is no evidence for this at more aggregated levels. Regional regression models on Mexico by Barbier and Burgess (1996) and Deininger and Minten (forthcoming), on Sudan by Elnagheeb and Bromley (1994), on Tanzania by Angelsen, Shitindi, and Aarrestad (1998), and on Thailand by Panayotou and Sungsuwan (1994) all find a positive correlation between higher agricultural prices and deforestation. Binswanger and others (1987) found a positive correlation between total cropped area and agricultural prices in a cross-country analysis of 58 countries.…”

Section: Agricultural Pricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking the Causes of Deforestation: Lessons from Economic Models

Angelsen

Kaimowitz

1999

The World Bank Research Observer

764

447

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This article, which synthesizes the results of more than 140 economic models analyzing the causes of tropical deforestation, raises significant doubts about many conventional hypotheses in the debate about deforestation. More roads, higher agricultural prices, lower wages, and a shortage of off-farm employment generally lead to more deforestation. How technical change, agricultural input prices, household income levels, and tenure security affect deforestation-if at all-is unknown. The role of macroeconomic factors such as population growth, poverty reduction, national income, economic growth, and foreign debt is also ambiguous. This review, however, finds that policy reforms included in current economic liberalization and adjustment efforts may increase the pressure on forests. Although the boom in deforestation modeling has yielded new insights, weak methodology and poor-quality data make the results of many models questionable. Concern is rising about the adverse consequences of tropical deforestation. The loss of forest cover influences the climate and contributes to a loss of biodiversity. Reduced timber supplies, siltation, flooding, and soil degradation affect economic activity and threaten the livelihoods and cultural integrity of forest-dependent people. Tropical rain forests, which constitute about 41 percent of the total tropical forest cover, are considered the richest and most valuable ecosystem on the earth's land surface. During the 1980s about 15.4 million hectares of tropical forests were lost each year, according to estimates by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO 1992). From 1990 to 1995 the annual loss was estimated at 12.7 million hectares (FAO 1997), but it is unclear whether this reduction represents a slowdown in actual forest clearance or new definitions and better data. This concern has led economists to expand their efforts to model why, where, and to what extent forests are being converted to other land uses. Kaimowitz and Angelsen

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“…Autarky emerges (Bromley and Chavas, 1989). And the shrinking extensive margin (the shift from k ′ to k ∼) implies a gradual abandonment of agriculture (Elnagheeb and Bromley, 1992; 1994; Larson and Bromley, 1991).…”

Section: A Spatial Model Of Transport Corruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability under siege: Transport costs and corruption on West Africa's trade corridors

Bromley

Foltz

2011

Natural Resources Forum

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We use recent data on transport costs in West Africa, including the added burden of bribes and enforced delays, to show how such costs represent a deterrent to investment in -and therefore the sustainability of -agricultural assets. We focus on data for two important tree crops in West Africa, cashew and shea. We also have data for the transport of onions between Niger and the urban market in Accra, Ghana. Our data allow us to predict plausible increases in farm-gate prices from a reduction in transport costs and bribes. A 10% reduction in the total transport costs (actual costs plus corruption costs) of onions from Niger could result in a 12-13% price increase to onion farmers. Similar elasticities are 2% for cashew in Ghana and 7% for shea in Mali. These feasible price increases would encourage farmers to improve onion production, and to protect and improve production from cashew and shea trees, thereby enhancing the sustainability of agro-forestry in West Africa. We call these price increases the "sustainability dividend".n arf_1342 32..48

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Extensification of agriculture and deforestation: empirical evidence from Sudan

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Agricultural subsidies and forest clearing in Malawi

Agricultural subsidies and forest clearing in Malawi

Rethinking the Causes of Deforestation: Lessons from Economic Models

Sustainability under siege: Transport costs and corruption on West Africa's trade corridors

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