Extending Unbiased Stereology of Brain Ultrastructure to Three-dimensional Volumes

Fiala, John C.; Harris, Kristen M.

doi:10.1136/jamia.2001.0080001

Cited by 179 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The synapse profiles were photographed serially, aligned, reconstructed and analyzed using software Reconstruct developed by J.C. Fiala and K.M. Harris (RECONSTRUCTTM available for download at http://synapses.clm.utexas.edu/ tools/reconstruct/reconstruct.stm; Fiala and Harris, 2001;Fiala, 2005).…”

Section: Morphological Analysis and Three-dimensional Reconstructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitatory synaptic activity is associated with a rapid structural plasticity of inhibitory synapses on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells

et al. 2011

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. Synaptic activity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), has been shown to induce morphological plasticity of excitatory synapses on dendritic spines through the spine head and postsynaptic density (PSD) enlargement and reorganization. Much less, however, is known about activity-induced morphological modifications of inhibitory synapses. Using an in vitro model of rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures and electron microscopy, we studied activity-related morphological changes of somatic inhibitory inputs triggered by a brief oxygeneglucose deprivation (OGD) episode, a condition associated with a synaptic enhancement referred to as anoxic LTP and a structural remodeling of excitatory synapses. Threedimensional reconstruction of inhibitory axo-somatic synapses at different times before and after brief OGD revealed important morphological changes. The PSD area significantly and markedly increased at synapses with large and complex PSDs, but not at synapses with simple, macular PSDs. Activity-related changes of PSD size and presynaptic bouton volume developed in a strongly correlated manner. Analyses of single and serial sections further showed that the density of inhibitory synaptic contacts on the cell soma did not change within 1 h after OGD. In contrast, the proportion of the cell surface covered with inhibitory PSDs, as well as the complexity of these PSDs significantly increased, with less macular PSDs and more complex, segmented shapes. Together, these data reveal a rapid activity-related restructuring of somatic inhibitory synapses characterized by an enlargement and increased complexity of inhibitory PSDs, providing a new mechanism for a quick adjustment of the excitatoryeinhibitory balance. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Synaptic Plasticity & Interneurons'.

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Section: Morphological Analysis and Three-dimensional Reconstructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitatory synaptic activity is associated with a rapid structural plasticity of inhibitory synapses on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells

et al. 2011

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“…Serial images of arbitrarily selected cells were made with 10,000ϫ magnification of the electron microscope. Three-dimensional reconstruction of cell bodies and measurement of volume and surface area of the reconstructed nuclei were performed using the computer program Reconstruct (Fiala and Harris, 2001), publicly available at http://synapses.bu.edu. Images of every fifth serial section were used for reconstruction of nuclei of non-CCK cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translocation of Synaptically Connected Interneurons across the Dentate Gyrus of the Early Postnatal Rat Hippocampus

Morozov

Ayoub²,

Rakić³

2006

J. Neurosci.

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Most neurons in the developing mammalian brain migrate to their final destinations by translocation of the cell nucleus within their leading process and immature bipolar body that is devoid of synaptic connections. Here, we used a combination of immunohistochemistry at light-and electron-microscopic (EM) levels and time-lapse imaging in slice cultures to analyze migration of synaptically interconnected, cholecystokinin-immunopositive [CCK(ϩ)] interneurons in the dentate gyrus in the rat hippocampus during early postnatal ages. We observed dynamic morphogenetic transformation of the CCK(ϩ) interneurons, from a horizontal bipolar shape situated in the molecular layer, through a transitional triangular and then vertical bipolar form that they acquire while traversing the granular layer to finally assume an adult-like pyramidal-shaped morphology on entering the hilus. Immunostaining with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein and three-dimensional reconstructions from serial EM images indicate that, unlike granule cells, which migrate from the hilus to the granular layer, interneurons traverse this layer in the opposite direction without apparent surface-mediated guidance of the radial glial cells. Importantly, the somas, dendrites, and axons of the CCK(ϩ) transitional forms maintain old and acquire new synaptic contacts while migrating across the dentate plate. The migration of synaptically interconnected neurons that may occur in response to local functional demand represents a novel mode of cell movement and form of neuroplasticity.

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“…Let R s,i be the i'th region from the 2D segmentation in section s. Next we construct a directed graph containing a set of nodes that correspond to the set of segmented regions in section s. The set of directed edges on the graph is between all nodes in adjacent sections. That is, (1) N is the total number of sections, and Q s denotes the number of segmented regions in section s.…”

Section: Optimal-path-finding Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the complexity and vast size of these images make human interpretation an extremely labor intensive task. A number of researchers have undertaken extensive electron microscopy imaging projects in order to create detailed maps of neuronal structure [1] and connectivity [2]. Research on the reconstruction of neural circuit diagrams has focused on the worm species c-elegans which has 302 neurons and is one of the simplest organisms with a nervous system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimal-path approach for neural circuit reconstruction

Jurrus

Whitaker

Jones

et al. 2008

2008 5th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro

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Neurobiologists are collecting large amounts of electron microscopy image data to gain a better understanding of neuron organization in the central nervous system. Image analysis plays an important role in extracting the connectivity present in these images; however, due to the large size of these datasets, manual analysis is essentially impractical. Automated analysis, however, is challenging because of the difficulty in reliably segmenting individual neurons in 3D. In this paper, we describe an automatic method for finding neurons in sequences of 2D sections. The proposed method formulates the problem of finding paths through sets of sections as an optimal path computation, which applies a cost function to the identification of a cell from one section to the next and solves this optimization problem using Dijkstra's algorithm. This basic formulation allows us to account for variability or inconsistencies between sections and to prioritize cells based on the evidence of their connectivity.

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Extending Unbiased Stereology of Brain Ultrastructure to Three-dimensional Volumes

Cited by 179 publications

References 38 publications

Excitatory synaptic activity is associated with a rapid structural plasticity of inhibitory synapses on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells

Excitatory synaptic activity is associated with a rapid structural plasticity of inhibitory synapses on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells

Translocation of Synaptically Connected Interneurons across the Dentate Gyrus of the Early Postnatal Rat Hippocampus

An optimal-path approach for neural circuit reconstruction

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