Extending the low temperature operational limit of Li-ion battery to −80 °C

Excellent Rate and Low Temperature Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries based on Binder‐Free Li4Ti5O12 Electrode

“…This might benefit from the improved Li + migration at electrolyte‐electrode interface, which is validated by the EIS data. Figure S8 shows that, in DIOX‐based electrolyte, temperature has only a small influence on charge‐transfer impedance ( R ct , the second semi‐circle, which depend on the Li + migration at the liquid‐solid interface) . At −40 °C, R ct measured in DIOX‐based electrolyte is only about 100 ohms, whereas in commercial electrolyte, R ct reaches to about 35,000 ohms (Figure f).…”

“…In our previous work, we found that the sluggish desolvation at the electrolyte‐electrode interface and slow lithium transfer in active materials were the main reasons for poor performance of LIBs at low temperature . Herein, we produced crystalline LTO NSs as active material to increase the chance of Li + intercalation into the electrode material and shortening the distance of Li + migration.…”

“…In our previous work, we found that low temperature would lead to sluggish desolvation at the electrolyte‐electrode interface of LIB. Herein, we choose DIOX‐based electrolyte (0.75 M LiTFSI in DIOX) owning small binding energy between Li + and solvent to solve the above problem . CV curves show that when scan rate increases from 0.1 mV s −1 to 2 mV s −1 , only a small peak shift shown in Figure S7, indicates that LTO/Ag/CNT electrode could exhibit excellent rate performance in DIOX‐based electrolyte.…”

“…Many researches on improving the rate performance of LTO have been done, such as using the conductive skeleton of TiC/C, Cu−Co and CNTs to form the core/shell structure, synthesizing LTO NSs/CNTs composites to obtain both excellent rate and cycling stability . Based on previous research, we further used nanoscale LTO as electrode material, which could deliver ∼80 % capacity of its theoretical value at room temperature when discharge rate was up to 40 C and even worked under −80 °C with 60 % of the room temperature capacity at 0.1 C . Both rate and low temperature performances were well improved.…”

A High‐Rate and Long‐Life Rechargeable Battery Operated at −75 oC

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Various factors have been considered to affect the low temperature electrochemical performance, including decreased ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, sluggish solid state diffusion in the bulk electrodes, difficult Li-ions de-solvation process and increased charge transfer resistance at the electrolyte/electrode interphase. [6][7][8][9] Among them, the decreased ionic conductivity of electrolyte is generally described as the primary limitation. During the past decades, great efforts have been paid to modify electrolyte for low temperature application, such as liquefied gas electrolyte, fluorinated electrolytes and co-solvent electrolytes, [2,3,[10][11][12] which lead to significant improvement of discharge performance.…”