Extending the IoT-Stream Model with a Taxonomy for Sensors in Sustainable Smart Cities

Abstract

Sustainable cities aim to have a lower environmental impact by reducing their carbon footprints as much as possible. The smart city paradigm based on the Internet of Things (IoT) is the natural approach to achieving this goal. Nevertheless, the proliferation of sensors and IoT technologies, along with the need for annotating real-time data, has promoted the need for light weight ontology-based models for IoT environments, such as IoT-Stream. The IoT-Stream model takes advantage of common knowledge sharing of the semantics while keeping queries and inferences simple. However, sensors in the IoT-Stream model are conceptualized as single entities, exluding further analysis concerning their features (energy consumption, cost, etc.) or application areas. In this article, we present a taxonomy of sensors that expands the original IoT-Stream model by facilitating the mapping of sensors/actuators and services in the context of smart cities in such a way that different applications can share information in a transparent way, avoiding unnecessary duplication of sensors and network infrastructure.

In Situ IoT Development and Application for Continuous Water Monitoring in a Lentic Ecosystem in South Brazil

“…This research was conducted to combine the IoT concept with electronic sensors specialized in performing parametric readings of water efficiently, quickly, and necessary to optimize the time and cost of these processes [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]27,[31][32][33]. We used probes manufactured by Atlas Scientific (New York, NY, USA).…”

“…The internet of things (IoT) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] is a concept that is being established both at a scientific and social level. IoT has the potential to transform a wide range of industries, including agriculture, healthcare, and transportation.…”

“…Sustainable cities aim to have a lower environmental impact by reducing carbon as much as possible. The smart city paradigm based on the internet of things (IoT) is the natural approach to achieving this goal [7].…”

Development of a Platform for Monitoring the Levels of Dispersed Oxygen in River Components of a Water Supply Micro Basin Using Programmable Microcontrollers

“…The Internet of Things (IoT) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] is a concept that is being established both at a scientific and social level. IoT can transform various industries, including agriculture, healthcare, and transportation, as well as many other different fields.…”

“…Although there are no standardized procedures for the frequency of measurements of these parameters, there is a high logistics cost for dispensing personnel and equipment to the collection points. The importance of water quality monitoring has led to the search for autonomous, low-cost, reliable, and flexible solutions [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], such as using a wireless sensor network to carry out water quality monitoring in different areas. One point of interest concerning this network is its ability to communicate with an information processing center to make this information available to bodies responsible for environmental monitoring, whether public or not, and citizens in general.…”