Extending the 3 × 2 achievement goal model to the sport domain: The 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport

Mascret, Nicolas; Elliot, Andrew J.; Cury, François

doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.11.001

Cited by 107 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…The 3 × 2 AGQ-S has demonstrated reliability and validity in previous studies (e.g., Lower & Turner, in press;Mascret et al, 2015). Participants responded to all items on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree).…”

Section: × 2 Achievement Goalsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To measure achievement goals, we used the 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport (3 × 2 AGQ-S; Mascret et al, 2015) which is comprised of 18 items with 3 items each capturing task-approach (e.g., "to perform well"), task-avoidance ("to avoid performing badly"), self-approach ("to do better than what I usually do"), self-avoidance ("to avoid having worse results than I had previously"), other-approach ("to do better than others"), and other-avoidance goals ("to avoid doing worse than others").…”

Section: × 2 Achievement Goalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, task-approach goals showed a positive correlation with perceived competence in athletes and predicted exam performance in university students, but not selfapproach goals (Mascret, Elliot, & Cury, 2015;Stoeber, Haskew, & Scott, 2015). By contrast, self-approach goals showed a positive correlation with help seeking in e-learning classes, but not task-approach goals (Yang & Cao, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perfectionism and achievement goals revisited: The 3 × 2 achievement goal framework

Madigan

Stoeber

Passfield

2017

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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Design: Cross-sectional.Method: We examined self-reported perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and the 3 × 2 achievement goals in 136 junior athletes (mean age 17.0 years).Results: The results of structural equation modeling showed that PS were positively associated with task-, self-, and other-approach goals and negatively with task-and selfavoidance goals. In contrast, PC were positively associated with task-, self-, and otheravoidance goals and negatively with task-and self-approach goals.Conclusions: The findings suggest that PS and PC show different profiles also with the 3 × 2 achievement goals which may help explain why the two perfectionism dimensions show differential relations with achievement-related outcomes in sport.

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Section: × 2 Achievement Goalsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: × 2 Achievement Goalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perfectionism and achievement goals revisited: The 3 × 2 achievement goal framework

Madigan

Stoeber

Passfield

2017

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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“…The achievement goal model was expanded to incorporate standards of evaluation based upon the possibility that one might pursue mastery goals focused on attaining either task-based or self-based competence independently. The 3x2 achievement goal model is an extension of the 2x2Journal of Amateur Sport Volume Two, Issue Two Lower and Turner, 2016 79 framework, consisting of six distinct achievement goals, including mastery goals (task-approach, task-avoidance, selfapproach, self-avoidance) and performance goals (other-approach, other-avoidance).Within the context of sport, there are conceptual, empirical, and practical reasons to adopt the 3x2 achievement goal framework over the alternative theoretical models (Mascret et al, 2014). The conceptual differentiation of task-based and self-based goals provide for greater precision in describing competence-related behavior.…”

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confidence: 99%

Examination of the 3x2 Achievement Goal Model in Collegiate Recreation: Comparison Across Sport Programs

Lower

Turner

2016

JAS

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Sport is a central achievement context through which participants' direct competence-related behavior to achieve desired outcomes. Achievement goal theory provides a framework for understanding self-directed behavior in achievement contexts. Theorists postulate that achievement goals reflect one's purpose and anticipated outcomes which guide behavior. To assess this psychological construct, several achievement goal measures have been developed, from a dichotomous model (Nicholls, 1989) to the most recent 3x2 model (Elliot, Murayama, & Pekrun, 2011). In the present research, the 3x2 achievement goal model (i.e., task-approach, taskavoidance, self-approach, self-avoidance, other-approach, other-avoidance) was translated for the collegiate recreational sport domain and tested against alternative theoretical models. A questionnaire was developed and administered to recreational sport participants (N = 614) at a large, post-secondary institution in the United States. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the researchers found the 3x2 model to provide a better fit than the alternative theoretical models. These findings support the most recent theoretical advancement of the achievement goal construct. Through use of multivariate analysis of variance, significant differences across the six achievement goals were found between intramural and sport club participants. These results have implications for researchers and recreational sport practitioners seeking to measure and understand the motivational differences across sport participants.central motivation construct prevalent in sports psychology literature is that of achievement goals, which are postulated to direct competence-related behavior (Conroy, Elliot, & Hofer, 2003), such as sport involvement. Within the broader context of sport, there are several distinct sport models that are characteristic of diverse motivations. The achievement goals of collegiate sport athletes are likely to differ from that of collegiate recreational sport participants, which are subsequently likely to differ from that of youth sport participants. Collegiate recreation is a unique context in which to study achievement goals due to the diverse program offerings, including intramural sports, sport clubs, group fitness, aquatics, outdoor adventure, among other programs (Blumenthal, 2009). Through a greater understanding of the motivations of diverse recreation participants, practitioners will be more equipped to effectively design sport programming and influence participant behaviors. Several theoretical models have been developed during the past three decades to conceptualize the achievement goal construct. More specifically, the literature highlights four primary models, including the dichotomous (Nicholls & Dweck, 1979), trichotomous (Elliot & Harackiewicz, 1996), 2x2 (Elliot & McGregor, 2001), and 3x2 (Elliot et al., 2011) models. With the recent development of the 3x2 achievement goal framework, there is opportunity to study the achievement goals of recreational sport participants wi...

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“…Estos resultados pueden resultar contradictorios dado que diversos estudios han demostrado mayores niveles de PAFYD por motivaciones extrínsecas en este sexo (Castro-Sánchez et al, 2015;Halbrook et al, 2012;Mascret, Elliot, & Cury, 2015). No obstante, la literatura nos dice que las motivaciones pueden variar en función del contexto sociocultural y factores psicosociales del individuo, pudiendo encontrar trabajos de investigación en los que las mujeres se asocian a una PAFYD ligada a beneficios a largo plazo -mejora de la salud e imagen corporal-y el hombre a corto plazo -diversión y competición- (Chalabaev et al, 2013;Martínez et al, 2012;Moreno-Murcia et al, 2011), abarcando ambas finalidades motivaciones extrínsecas e intrínsecas de forma conjunta, que dependerán también del factor edad.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Sport profiles by gender and age in adults from Seville. A regression model

Cuberos

Chacón-Borrego²,

Zurita-Ortega³

et al. 2016

CCD

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ResumenLa Práctica de Actividad Física y Deporte (PAFYD) ha adquirido un papel protagonista en las últimas décadas en todos los sectores de la población, dados sus beneficios a nivel fisiológico, psíquico, social y competitivo, así como para la transmisión de la salud, la educación y la cultura. Este estudio de diseño descriptivo y corte transversal, realizado en una muestra de 1002 adultos de la provincia de Sevilla, tiene como objetivo definir los perfiles deportivos establecidos por el Proyecto COM-PASS (2000), concretando su distribución según el sexo y la edad, así como elaborar un modelo de regresión que permita establecer el perfil que mejor se adhiere a la PAFYD. Como instrumento se utilizó el cuestionario C-PAFYD, elaborado por Arribas, Izaskun, Gil y Gonzá-lez (2013). Los resultados revelaron que prácticamente la mitad de los participantes no realizaban ningún tipo de actividad físico-deportiva (Perfil 7), con mayores porcentualidades en mujeres. Por otro lado, la PAFYD intensiva y de tipo competitivo (Perfil 1) era más frecuente en hombres, con especial presencia en edades tempranas. Se obtuvo una mayor práctica recreacional en los varones (Perfil 4) y una disminución de los niveles generales de PAFYD en edades de mayor actividad laboral, aumentando sus valores en edades más avanzadas por motivos de salud y bienestar. Finalmente, el modelo de regresión fue válido, revelando que los participantes que mayor PAFYD realizaban eran los hombres de poca edad, con estudios superiores a los postobligatorios, que no vivían solos y con buen estado de salud.Palabras clave: Actividad física, deporte, adulto, sexo. AbstractPhysical activity and sport practice have taken a leading role in recent decades in all sectors of population, given its physiological, psychological, social and competitive benefits; as well as for the benefits to health, education and culture. This descriptive and cross-sectional study, which was conducted on a sample of 1002 adults from the province of Seville, aims to define the sport profiles set by the COMPASS Proyect (2000) on the sample, specifying its distribution by gender and age through the instrument C-PAFYD, which was developed by Arribas, Izaskun, Gil, & González (2013). The results showed that almost half of the participants did not engage in any physical sporting activity (Profile 7), with higher percentages in women not participating. On the other hand, men were related to intensive and competitive physical activity, especially in the earlier ages. Besides this, recreational sport practice was higher in men (Profile 4) and a decrease of general levels of physical sporting practice was observed in people who work, with increasing values in older aged people due to health and wellness. Finally, the regression model was valid, showing that participants who did more physical activity were young men with higher academic qualifications, not living alone and with good health.

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Extending the 3 × 2 achievement goal model to the sport domain: The 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport

Cited by 107 publications

References 71 publications

Perfectionism and achievement goals revisited: The 3 × 2 achievement goal framework

Perfectionism and achievement goals revisited: The 3 × 2 achievement goal framework

Examination of the 3x2 Achievement Goal Model in Collegiate Recreation: Comparison Across Sport Programs

Sport profiles by gender and age in adults from Seville. A regression model

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