Extending solar potential analysis in buildings to vertical facades

Catita, Cristina; Redweik, Paula; Pereira, Jessika Lopes Figueiredo; Brito, M.C.

doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2014.01.002

Cited by 148 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…3D city models provide geometric information such as the tilt, orientation and area of the roof, which are used as the main input for the solar empirical models [84]. Recent work has focused on extending the task for vertical façades, and taking into account the material of the receiving surface [106,107] (Figure 3). This application may benefit from attributes such as the address and type of building for additional analyses [108], and it is being supported by an increasing number of software implementations [109,110].…”

Section: Estimation Of the Solar Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Biljecki

Stoter

Ledoux

et al. 2015

IJGI

612

380

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In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains and for a large range of tasks beyond visualisation. In this paper, we seek to understand and document the state of the art regarding the utilisation of 3D city models across multiple domains based on a comprehensive literature study including hundreds of research papers, technical reports and online resources. A challenge in a study such as ours is that the ways in which 3D city models are used cannot be readily listed due to fuzziness, terminological ambiguity, unclear added-value of 3D geoinformation in some instances, and absence of technical information. To address this challenge, we delineate a hierarchical terminology (spatial operations, use cases, applications), and develop a theoretical reasoning to segment and categorise the diverse uses of 3D city models. Following this framework, we provide a list of identified use cases of 3D city models (with a description of each), and their applications. Our study demonstrates that 3D city models are employed in at least 29 use cases that are a part of more than 100 applications. The classified inventory could be useful for scientists as well as stakeholders in the geospatial industry, such as companies and national mapping agencies, as it may serve as a reference document to better position their operations, design product portfolios, and to better understand the market.

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Section: Estimation Of the Solar Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Biljecki

Stoter

Ledoux

et al. 2015

IJGI

612

380

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, these studies use 2.5D models, which limit the application to rooftops and not to façades, unless these are assumed contiguous to the roofs and a hyper-point approach is used (Catita et al, 2014). Moreover, these studies did not include inter-reflections, which might significantly contribute to the total façade irradiation in urban environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3d-Modeling of Vegetation From Lidar Point Clouds and Assessment Of Its Impact on Façade Solar Irradiation

Peronato

Rey

Andersen

2016

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The presence of vegetation can significantly affect the solar irradiation received on building surfaces. Due to the complex shape and seasonal variability of vegetation geometry, this topic has gained much attention from researchers. However, existing methods are limited to rooftops as they are based on 2.5D geometry and use simplified radiation algorithms based on view-sheds. This work contributes to overcoming some of these limitations, providing support for 3D geometry to include facades. Thanks to the use of ray-tracing-based simulations and detailed characterization of the 3D surfaces, we can also account for inter-reflections, which might have a significant impact on façade irradiation. In order to construct confidence intervals on our results, we modeled vegetation from LiDAR point clouds as 3D convex hulls, which provide the biggest volume and hence the most conservative obstruction scenario. The limits of the confidence intervals were characterized with some extreme scenarios (e.g. opaque trees and absence of trees). Results show that uncertainty can vary significantly depending on the characteristics of the urban area and the granularity of the analysis (sensor, building and group of buildings). We argue that this method can give us a better understanding of the uncertainties due to vegetation in the assessment of solar irradiation in urban environments, and therefore, the potential for the installation of solar energy systems.

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“…chimneys and antennas), and mandatory roof overhangs. This enhancement benefits some applications, for instance, openings are important for estimating heat losses (Lee et al, 2013), luminance mapping and glare analysis (Saran et al, 2015), planning energy-efficient retrofits (Previtali et al, 2014), and for accounting the area available on vertical walls for solar panel installation (Catita et al, 2014). LOD3 models are also appreciated in visualisation (Garnett and Freeburn, 2014).…”

Section: Lod3 Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

Biljecki

Ledoux

Stoter

2016

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems

335

176

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The level of detail (LOD) concept of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0 is intended to differentiate multi-scale representations of semantic 3D city models. The concept is in practice principally used to indicate the geometric detail of a model, primarily of buildings. Despite the popularity and the general acceptance of this categorisation, we argue in this paper that from a geometric point of view the five LODs are insufficient and that their specification is ambiguous.We solve these shortcomings with a better definition of LODs and their refinement. Hereby we present a refined set of 16 LODs focused on the grade of the exterior geometry of buildings, which provide a stricter specification and allow less modelling freedom. This series is a result of an exhaustive research into currently available 3D city models, production workflows, and capabilities of acquisition techniques. Our specification also includes two hybrid models that reflect common acquisition practices. The new LODs are in line with the LODs of CityGML 2.0, and are intended to supplement, rather than replace the geometric part of the current specification. While in our paper we focus on the geometric aspect of the models, our specification is compatible with different levels of semantic granularity. Furthermore, the improved LODs can be considered format-agnostic.Among other benefits, the refined specification could be useful for companies for a better definition of their product portfolios, and for researchers to specify data requirements when presenting use cases of 3D city models. We support our refined LODs with experiments, proving their uniqueness by showing that each yields a different result in a 3D spatial operation.Keywords: Level of detail; 3D city modelling; 3D GIS; 3D building models; CityGML; Scale Highlights• CityGML LODs are an industry standard for conveying the grade of 3D city models.• The 5 LODs are not defined precisely, and they are not sufficient for this purpose.• We present a refined series of 16 LODs that overcomes these issues.

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Extending solar potential analysis in buildings to vertical facades

Cited by 148 publications

References 14 publications

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

3d-Modeling of Vegetation From Lidar Point Clouds and Assessment Of Its Impact on Façade Solar Irradiation

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

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