Extending formant transitions may not improve aphasics' perception of stop consonant place of articulation

Riedel, Karen; Studdert‐Kennedy, Michael

doi:10.1016/0093-934x(85)90132-4

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In other words, perhaps such patients often require more salient cues (i.e., longer durational differences across segments or phrases; see, e.g., Tallal & Newcombe, 1978;but cf. Blumstein, Tartter, Nigro, & Statlender, 1984;Riedel & Studdert-Kennedy, 1985) to adequately process temporal attributes of speech. In the present investigation, the speaking rate alterations appear to have been large enough to be perceptible to the patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual Influences on Phonetic Identification in Aphasia: The Effects of Speaking Rate and Semantic Bias

Baum

2001

Brain and Language

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Two experiments examined the influence of context on stop-consonant voicing identification in fluent and nonfluent aphasic patients and normal controls. Listeners were required to label the initial stop in a target word varying along a voice onset time (VOT) continuum as either voiced or voiceless ([b]/[p] or [d]/[t]). Target stimuli were presented in sentence contexts in which the rate of speech of the sentence context (Experiment 1) or the semantic bias of the context (Experiment 2) was manipulated. The results revealed that all subject groups were sensitive to the contextual influences, although the extent of the context effects varied somewhat across groups and across experiments. In addition, a number of patients in both the fluent and nonfluent aphasic groups could not consistently identify even endpoint stimuli, confirming phonetic categorization impairments previously shown in such individuals. Results are discussed with respect to the potential reliance by aphasic patients on higher level context to compensate for phonetic perception deficits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual Influences on Phonetic Identification in Aphasia: The Effects of Speaking Rate and Semantic Bias

Baum

2001

Brain and Language

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“…They also observe that the decision nodes of Merge may imply reorganisation or elaboration of the system beyond what is available in the initial state, for phonemic decision is not, as we argued in section 7, a necessary operation in infant development. Neuro-imaging evidence certainly exists, which suggests that such a reorganisation distinguishes phonological processing by literate versus illiterate language users (Castro-Caldas et al 1998), and evidence from aphasic listeners also suggests a dissociation of phonemic decisionmaking and speech comprehension (Basso et al 1977;Riedel & Studdert-Kennedy 1985).…”

Section: R54 the Development Of Phonemic Processing Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Merging information in speech recognition: Feedback is never necessary

Norris¹,

McQueen²,

Cutler³

2000

Behav Brain Sci

634

689

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IntroductionPsychological processing involves converting information from one form to another. In speech recognition -the focus of this target article -sounds uttered by a speaker are converted to a sequence of words recognized by a listener. The logic of the process requires information to flow in one direction: from sounds to words. This direction of information flow is unavoidable and necessary for a speech recognition model to function.Our target article addresses the question of whether output from word recognition is fed back to earlier stages of processing, such as acoustic or phonemic analysis. Such feedback entails information flow in the opposite direction -from words to sounds. Information flow from word processing to these earlier stages is not required by the logic of speech recognition and cannot replace the necessary flow of information from sounds to words. Thus it could only be included in models of speech recognition as an additional component.The principle of Occam's razor instructs theorists never to multiply entities unnecessarily. Applied to the design of processing models, this constraint excludes any feature that BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2000) 23, Abstract: Top-down feedback does not benefit speech recognition; on the contrary, it can hinder it. No experimental data imply that feedback loops are required for speech recognition. Feedback is accordingly unnecessary and spoken word recognition is modular. To defend this thesis, we analyse lexical involvement in phonemic decision making. TRACE (McClelland & Elman 1986), a model with feedback from the lexicon to prelexical processes, is unable to account for all the available data on phonemic decision making. The modular Race model (Cutler & Norris 1979) is likewise challenged by some recent results, however. We therefore present a new modular model of phonemic decision making, the Merge model. In Merge, information flows from prelexical processes to the lexicon without feedback. Because phonemic decisions are based on the merging of prelexical and lexical information, Merge correctly predicts lexical involvement in phonemic decisions in both words and nonwords. Computer simulations show how Merge is able to account for the data through a process of competition between lexical hypotheses. We discuss the issue of feedback in other areas of language processing and conclude that modular models are particularly well suited to the problems and constraints of speech recognition.Keywords: computational modeling; feedback; lexical processing; modularity; phonemic decisions; reading; speech recognition; word recognitionDennis Norris is a member of the senior scientific staff of the Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom. James McQueen is a member of the scientific staff of the Max-Planck-Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Anne Cutler is director (language comprehension) of the Max-Planck-Institute for Psycholinguistics and professor of comparative psycholinguistics at the U...

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“…Moreover, attempts to replicate the effect of lengthened transitions with adult aphasics have not been successful (Blumstein, Tartter, Nigro, & Statlender, 1984;Riedel & Studdert-Kennedy, 1985; cf. note 1).…”

Section: Hemispheric Specializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory temporal perception deficits in the reading-impaired: A critical review of the evidence

1995

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Extending formant transitions may not improve aphasics' perception of stop consonant place of articulation

Cited by 28 publications

References 10 publications

Contextual Influences on Phonetic Identification in Aphasia: The Effects of Speaking Rate and Semantic Bias

Contextual Influences on Phonetic Identification in Aphasia: The Effects of Speaking Rate and Semantic Bias

Merging information in speech recognition: Feedback is never necessary

Auditory temporal perception deficits in the reading-impaired: A critical review of the evidence

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