Extending electro-optic detection to ultrashort electron beams

Helle, Michael; Gordon, Daniel; Kaganovich, D.; Ting, A.

doi:10.1103/physrevstab.15.052801

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Continuing the notation of section II, these limitations can be expressed in the frequency domain as ∆ ω H ; for the same optical probe duration, we estimate that ReD-FROG (∆ ≥ ω L ) is capable of measuring THz pulse durations ×3-4 shorter than that accessible through EOS. The only existing or proposed THz schemes with similar capabilities, such as spectral upconversion 31 or BMX-FROG, 32 rely on multi-stage detection in which the output of the electro-optic effect is measured as part of a second, distinct non-linear process (such as an auto-correlation or FROG). The use of consecutive non-linear stages for pulse analysis limits the available signal to noise ratio and thus the range of THz sources that can be measured; the application of the ReD-FROG method, being a singlestage direct analysis of the EO effect, overcomes such limitations and presents as a more robust and versatile measurement technique.…”

Section: Experiment: Characterisation Of Single-cycle Thz Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing carrier-envelope phase through frequency mixing and interference in frequency resolved optical gating

Snedden¹,

Walsh²,

Jamison³

2015

Opt. Express

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We demonstrate that full temporal characterisation of few-cycle electromagnetic pulses, including retrieval of the carrier envelope phase (CEP), can be directly obtained from Frequency Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) techniques in which the interference between non-linear frequency mixing processes is resolved. We derive a framework for this scheme, defined Real Domain FROG (ReD-FROG), for the cases of interference between sum and difference frequency components and between fundamental and sum / difference frequency components. A successful numerical demonstration of ReD-FROG as applied to the case of a self-referenced measurement is provided. A proof-of-principle experiment is performed in which the CEP of a single-cycle THz pulse is accurately obtained and demonstrates the possibility for THz detection beyond optical probe duration limitations inherent to electro-optic sampling.

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Section: Experiment: Characterisation Of Single-cycle Thz Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing carrier-envelope phase through frequency mixing and interference in frequency resolved optical gating

Snedden¹,

Walsh²,

Jamison³

2015

Opt. Express

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“…relation, thus distorting the temporal profile of the fields as they propagate through the crystal. The resonance effect is immaterial when trying to measure electron bunches ≥ 120 fs for ZnTe and ≥ 60 fs for GaP [11]. Detailed information about EO techniques and measurements can be found e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent backward transition radiation from sub-fs “pancake-like” bunches as a tool for beam diagnostics

Kube

Потылицын

2018

J. Inst.

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Coherent transition radiation (CTR), produced by short electron bunches, is a wellknown radiation mechanism which is applied for bunch length monitoring. By analyzing the CTR spectrum it is possible to reconstruct the longitudinal bunch shape. Such a technique is widely used for accelerators with electron beams possessing bunch lengths σ z much larger than their transverse beam sizes σ x,y (with σ x,y,z the rms transverse and longitudinal beam sizes). New developments in the field of accelerator technology allow to produce and accelerate bunches with a duration of less than 1 fs with a "pancake-like" bunch shape, i.e. with σ z σ x,y. Diagnostic schemes of this kind of bunches give rise to interesting effects, for example connected with a transverse asymmetry (σ x σ y), with a tilting of the bunches (i.e. the bunch axis does not coincide with the velocity direction), and even more. Spectral-angular distributions of coherent backward transition radiation (BTR) were simulated taking into account a possible bunch tilt. It is shown that spectral intensity measurements of coherent BTR emitted in backward direction allow to obtain information about the bunch length. K : Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitors; beam-intensity monitors; bunch length monitors); Instrumentation for FEL 1Corresponding author.

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“…The single-shot EO measurement was first performed in 2002 [8], and different variants occurred later [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. All the EO techniques share the same principle of detecting the field-induced birefringence in the EO crystal caused by the local Coulomb electric field of the electron beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal profile monitor based on electro-optic spatial decoding for low-energy bunches

Wang

Liu

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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The measurement of electron bunch temporal profile is one of the key diagnostics in accelerators, especially for ultrashort bunches. The electro-optic (EO) technique enables the precise longitudinal characterization of bunch electric field in a single-shot and nondestructive way, which can simultaneously obtain and analyze the time jitter between the electron bunch and the synchronized laser. An EO monitor based on spatial decoding for temporal profile measurement and timing jitter recoding has recently been demonstrated and analyzed in depth for low-energy bunches at the Tsinghua Thomson scattering X-ray source. A detailed description of the experimental setup and measurement results are presented in this paper. An EO signal as short as 82 fs (rms) is observed with 100 μm gallium phosphide for a 40 MeV electron bunch, and the corresponding length is 106 fs (rms) with 300 μm zinc telluride. Owing to the field-opening angle, we propose a method to eliminate the influence of energy factor for bunches with low energy, resulting in a bunch length of ∼60 fs (rms). The monitor is also successfully applied to measure time jitter with approximately 10 fs accuracy. The experiment environment is proved to be the main source of the slow drift, which is removed using feedback control. Consequently, the rms time jitter decreases from 430 fs to 320 fs.

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Extending electro-optic detection to ultrashort electron beams

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Revealing carrier-envelope phase through frequency mixing and interference in frequency resolved optical gating

Revealing carrier-envelope phase through frequency mixing and interference in frequency resolved optical gating

Coherent backward transition radiation from sub-fs “pancake-like” bunches as a tool for beam diagnostics

Temporal profile monitor based on electro-optic spatial decoding for low-energy bunches

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