Extending Chestnut Blight Hypovirus Host Range Within Diaporthales by Biolistic Delivery of Viral cDNA

Sasaki, Atsuko; Onoue, Mari; Kanematsu, Satoko; Suzaki, Kouich; Miyanishi, M.; Suzuki, Nobuhiro; Nuss, Donald L.; Yoshida, Kouji

doi:10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.8.780

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Some hypovirulence-associated mycoviruses from B. cinerea and its related species Botrytis porri have been isolated and characterized (10,54,57), but these Botrytis viruses are unlikely to be used for control of diseases caused by these fungi under field conditions because they are easy to be eliminated via asexual propagation (see below). Expansion of the host range of mycoviruses has been accomplished for many fungus-mycovirus systems (7,8,24,(58)(59)(60)). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Partitivirus That Confers Hypovirulence on Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Xiao

Chéng

Tang

et al. 2014

J Virol

128

103

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Members of the family Partitiviridae have bisegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes and are not generally known to cause obvious symptoms in their natural hosts. An unusual partitivirus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum partitivirus 1 (SsPV1/WF-1), conferred hypovirulence on its natural plant-pathogenic fungal host, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum strain WF-1. Cellular organelles, including mitochondria, were severely damaged. Hypovirulence and associated traits of strain WF-1 and SsPV1/WF-1 were readily cotransmitted horizontally via hyphal contact to different vegetative compatibility groups of S. sclerotiorum and interspecifically to Sclerotinia nivalis and Sclerotinia minor. S. sclerotiorum strain 1980 transfected with purified SsPV1/WF-1 virions also exhibited hypovirulence and associated traits similar to those of strain WF-1. Moreover, introduction of purified SsPV1/WF-1 virions into strain KY-1 of Botrytis cinerea also resulted in reductions in virulence and mycelial growth and, unexpectedly, enhanced conidial production. However, virus infection suppressed hyphal growth of most germinating conidia of B. cinerea and was eventually lethal to infected hyphae, since very few new colonies could develop following germ tube formation. Taken together, our results support the conclusion that SsPV1/WF-1 causes hypovirulence in Sclerotinia spp. and B. cinerea. Cryo-EM (cryo-electron microscopy) reconstruction of the SsPV1 particle shows that it has a distinct structure with similarity to the closely related partitiviruses Fusarium poae virus 1 and Penicillium stoloniferum virus F. These findings provide new insights into partitivirus biological activities and clues about molecular interactions between partitiviruses and their hosts. IMPORTANCEMembers of the Partitiviridae are believed to occur commonly in their phytopathogenic fungal and plant hosts. However, most partitiviruses examined so far appear to be associated with latent infections. Here we report a partitivirus, SsPV1/WF-1, that was isolated from a hypovirulent strain of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and describe its biological and molecular features. We have demonstrated that SsPV1 confers hypovirulence. Furthermore, SsPV1 can infect and cause hypovirulence in Botrytis cinerea. Our study also suggests that SsPV1 has a vigorous ability to proliferate and spread via hyphal contact. SsPV1 can overcome vegetative incompatibility barriers and can be transmitted horizontally among different vegetative compatibility groups of S. sclerotiorum, even interspecifically. Cryo-EM reconstruction of SsPV1 shows that it has a distinct structure with similarity to closely related partitiviruses. Our studies exploit a novel system, SsPV1 and its hosts, which can provide the means to explore the mechanisms by which partitiviruses interact with their hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Partitivirus That Confers Hypovirulence on Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Xiao

Chéng

Tang

et al. 2014

J Virol

128

103

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“…However, experiments using infectious cDNA clones or synthetic transcripts have shown that the prototype hypovirus replicates in fungal species of the same family (63) or a different one within the same order as that of its natural host, the chestnut blight fungus C. parasitica (64). The virion transfection protocol has also provided chance to expand the host range of mycoviruses, such as RnPV1 and MyRV3 (65).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Victorivirus from a Phytopathogenic Fungus, Rosellinia necatrix, Is Infectious as Particles and Targeted by RNA Silencing

Chiba

Lin

Kondō

et al. 2013

J Virol

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Japan bA novel victorivirus, termed Rosellinia necatrix victorivirus 1 (RnVV1), was isolated from a plant pathogenic ascomycete, white root rot fungus Rosellinia necatrix, coinfected with a partitivirus. The virus was molecularly and biologically characterized using the natural and experimental hosts (chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica). RnVV1 was shown to have typical molecular victorivirus attributes, including a monopartite double-stranded RNA genome with two open reading frames (ORFs) encoding capsid protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a UAAUG pentamer presumed to facilitate the coupled termination/reinitiation for translation of the two ORFs, a spherical particle structure ϳ40 nm in diameter, and moderate levels of CP and RdRp sequence identity (34 to 58%) to those of members of the genus Victorivirus within the family Totiviridae. A reproducible transfection system with purified RnVV1 virions was developed for the two distinct fungal hosts. Transfection assay with purified RnVV1 virions combined with virus elimination by hyphal tipping showed that the effects of RnVV1 on the phenotype of the natural host were negligible. Interestingly, comparison of the RNA silencing-competent (standard strain EP155) and -defective (⌬dcl-2) strains of C. parasitica infected with RnVV1 showed that RNA silencing acted against the virus to repress its replication, which was restored by coinfection with hypovirus or transgenic expression of an RNA silencing suppressor, hypovirus p29. Phenotypic changes were observed in the ⌬dcl-2 strain but not in EP155. This is the first reported study on the host range expansion of a Totiviridae member that is targeted by RNA silencing.

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“…1). This approach will be applicable to the assessment of RNAi activation patterns in different fungi that can support CHV1 replication (31,32). Given the large number of viruses hosted by C. parasitica (14,33), the reporter fungal strain (Fig.…”

Section: Saga Mediates Virus-responsive Induction Of Rnai Key Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SAGA complex mediates the transcriptional up-regulation of antiviral RNA silencing

Andika

Jamal

Kondō

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Pathogen recognition and transcriptional activation of defenserelated genes are crucial steps in cellular defense responses. RNA silencing (RNAi) functions as an antiviral defense in eukaryotic organisms. Several RNAi-related genes are known to be transcriptionally up-regulated upon virus infection in some host organisms, but little is known about their induction mechanism. A phytopathogenic ascomycete, Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight fungus), provides a particularly advantageous system to study RNAi activation, because its infection by certain RNA viruses induces the transcription of dicer-like 2 (dcl2) and argonaute-like 2 (agl2), two major RNAi players. To identify cellular factors governing activation of antiviral RNAi in C. parasitica, we developed a screening protocol entailing multiple transformations of the fungus with cDNA of a hypovirus mutant lacking the RNAi suppressor (CHV1-Δp69), a reporter construct with a GFP gene driven by the dcl2 promoter, and a random mutagenic construct. Screening for GFP-negative colonies allowed the identification of sgf73, a component of the SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase) complex, a well-known transcriptional coactivator. Knockout of other SAGA components showed that the histone acetyltransferase module regulates transcriptional induction of dcl2 and agl2, whereas histone deubiquitinase mediates regulation of agl2 but not dcl2. Interestingly, full-scale induction of agl2 and dcl2 by CHV1-Δp69 required both DCL2 and AGL2, whereas that by another RNA virus, mycoreovirus 1, required only DCL2, uncovering additional roles for DCL2 and AGL2 in viral recognition and/or RNAi activation. Overall, these results provide insight into the mechanism of RNAi activation.Cryphonectria parasitica | hypovirus | RNAi | mycovirus | antiviral defense

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Extending Chestnut Blight Hypovirus Host Range Within Diaporthales by Biolistic Delivery of Viral cDNA

Cited by 44 publications

References 40 publications

A Novel Partitivirus That Confers Hypovirulence on Plant Pathogenic Fungi

A Novel Partitivirus That Confers Hypovirulence on Plant Pathogenic Fungi

A Novel Victorivirus from a Phytopathogenic Fungus, Rosellinia necatrix, Is Infectious as Particles and Targeted by RNA Silencing

SAGA complex mediates the transcriptional up-regulation of antiviral RNA silencing

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