Extending an Eco-Evolutionary Understanding of Biofilm-Formation at the Air-Liquid Interface to Community Biofilms

Abstract

Growing bacterial populations diversify to produce a number of competing lineages. In the Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 model system, Wrinkly Spreader mutant lineages, capable of colonising the air-liquid interface of static microcosms by biofilm-formation, rapidly appear in diversifying populations with a fitness advantage over the ancestral wild-type strain. Similarly, a biofilm is rapidly produced by a community containing many biofilm-competent members, and selection by serial transfer of biofilm samples across microcosms results in a gradually changing community structure. Both the adaptive radiation producing Wrinkly Spreaders and the succession of biofilm communities in these static microcosms can be understood through evolutionary ecology in which ecological interactions and evolutionary processes are combined. Such eco-evolutionary dynamics are especially important for bacteria, as rapid growth, high population densities and strong selection in the context of infections can lead to fast changes in disease progression and resistance phenotypes, while similar changes in community function may also affect many microbially mediated biotechnological and industrial processes. Evolutionary ecology provides an understanding of why bacterial biofilms are so prevalent and why they are such a successful colonisation strategy, and it can be directly linked to molecular analyses to understand the importance of pathways and responses involved in biofilm-formation.

The issue beyond resistance: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation is induced by subinhibitory concentrations of cloxacillin, cefazolin, and clindamycin

“…Evolutionarily, bacteria change phase when exposed to an unfavorable factor and signal, or in other words, acquire the ability to adapt to those unfavorable conditions [76,77]. According to the reports, biofilm production can be one of the adaptations [78]. The point that can be made at first glance about the difference between our results and others regarding the production of biofilm with vancomycin is the latter case, for example in some other areas, VRSE has been previously reported [79,80], while in Iran VRSE only recently reported andit needs much time to appear VRES with Inducing biofilm formation by oxacillin can describe some treatment failures, as flucloxacillin is usually administrated to treat staphylococcal infections.…”

Effect of surface treatment and shear flow on biofilm formation over materials employed in space water storage and distribution systems

“…To this regard, various parameters were tested during the formation of biofilm utilizing a widely-used strain, prior to implementing more complex studies with multi-strain or mixed-species cultures. For our purpose, Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25, a well-studied bacterium for its biofilm formation capacity (Koza et al, 2009;Jerdan et al, 2020), is used as a model microorganism to investigate bacteria adhesion, which reflects the effectiveness of initial stages of biofilm attachment and is considered as the first step in biofilm formation that governs the mature biofilm structure cultivated on top wetted surfaces and in contact to the cultivation medium (Flemming and Wingender, 2010;Huang et al, 2015). P. fluorescens belongs to Gram-negative bacteria, which constitute predominantly identified species in space water systems and it has been isolated from ISS potable sources and Mir station (Bruce et al, 2005;Song and Leff, 2005).…”