Extended π-conjugated N-containing heteroaromatic hexacarboxylate organic anode for high performance rechargeable batteries

Highly efficient phenanthroline-based organic anode materials with a three-electron redox mechanism

“…In addition, the CO (∼532.5 eV) signal in the O 1s spectrum (Fig. 3e) weakened to almost complete disappearance during the initial discharge process, while the C–O (∼531 eV) signal gradually increased and these areas recovered to their pristine size when fully charged to 2.6 V. 36 In the N 1s spectrum (Fig. 3f), the characteristic peak at 399 eV represents –CN– in pristine S-PD, while the peak at 400 eV belongs to –C–N–.…”

π-Conjugated Hexaazatrinaphthylene-Based Azo Polymer Cathode Material Synthesized by a Reductive Homocoupling Reaction for Organic Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…As shown in Figure a, there are two peaks centered at 405.6 and 399.1 eV in the N 1s spectrum of the pristine HATNTN cathode, which correspond to the nitro groups and CN groups, respectively. When the battery is discharged down to 1.2 V (Figure b), the peak of nitro groups at 405.6 eV disappears, and two new peaks appear at 399.2 and 396.9 eV, respectively, belonging to C–N and Li–N–N–Li groups. ,,,− Meanwhile, the CN peak is weakened apparently and shifts to a lower binding energy of 398.3 eV. When the battery is charged back to 4 V (Figure c), a reverse trend is observed, in which the intensity of the CN peak becomes stronger, and the NN peak emerges.…”

Fabrication of porous imidazole polymerized ionic liquids with fast ion diffusing kinetics for super lithiation anode materials in lithium-ion batteries

“…In all curves a broad peak can be found at potentials lower than 1.0 V in the reduction process, which should be ascribed to the transfer of electrons into the molecular structure of the PILs-Im anode, resulting in the formation of N–Li and C–Li bonds in the structure. 49–51 In the oxidation process, the broad peak near 1.0 V should be related to the shift of electrons from the molecular structure of the PILs-Im anode, accompanied by the release of Li + from the structure. To further verify the lithium storage kinetics of the PILs-Im anode, the response current measured under a potential scan rate can be interpreted as the sum of the diffusion-controlled process ( i diff ) and capacitive-controlled process ( i cap ).…”

“…In the lithiation process from 2.3 to 0.18 V, the peaks corresponding to the stretching vibration of CC and CN bonds in aromatic rings (triazine and imidazole ring) become weak, the peaks corresponding to the in-plain deformation of aromatic skeletons become weak, and the peaks corresponding to the bonds of N–Li and C–Li become strong, indicating that the Li + in the electrolyte reacts with the aromatic rings and methylene. 51 Here, the formed N–Li bonds and C–Li bonds are not simple ionic bonds but should be identified as dipole–dipole interactions. 57–59 In the de-lithiation process from 0.6 to 3.0 V, the peaks mentioned above change in the opposite directions in comparison with that in the lithiation process, which means that the structure of the imidazole rings and triazine rings can be recovered step by step, and Li + ions release from the structure of PILs-Im reversibly.…”