Extended surfactants: A well-designed spacer to improve interfacial performance through a gradual polarity transition

Zhang, He; Zhang, Meijun; Fang, Yun; Jin, Guang-yong; Chen, Ji

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.03.012

Cited by 50 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A min is the minimum cross‐sectional area of each surfactant molecule, which reflects the degree of packing of surfactant molecules at the air/water interface. These values were calculated by the following equations (He et al, ; Zhu, Cheng, Chen, & Jiang, ):

Γ_{\max} = - \frac{1}{2.303 italicnRT} \frac{normald γ}{normald \log C}

A_{\min} = \frac{1}{N_{A} Γ_{\max}}

where N A is the Avogadro's constant, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol K), T is the absolute temperature (K), C is the surfactant concentration (mol/L), and (d γ /d log C ) is the slope of the surface tension plots. The value of n refers to the number of species on the surface, which was 2 for the 1:1 anionic surfactant and 1 in the case of NaCl.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deviation observed in the higher PON of 12 was also attributed to the coiling effect of the longer PO chain (Charoensaeng, Sabatini, & Khaodhiar, ). From the regression equation, it can be seen that the slope of the absolute curve is 0.18, which is greater than that of sodium nonylphenoxy polypropyleneoxide sulfates (PP n S, B is about 0.09) (He et al, ), which indicates that the molecular structure formula has a great impact on the CMC for different extended surfactants, and the CMC values of this class of extended surfactants can be estimated using the modified formula over a certain range.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A min is the minimum cross-sectional area of each surfactant molecule, which reflects the degree of packing of surfactant molecules at the air/water interface. These values were calculated by the following equations (He et al, 2014;Zhu, Cheng, Chen, & Jiang, 2012):…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the Polypropylene Oxide Number on the Surface Properties of a Type of Extended Surfactant

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2018

J Surfact & Detergents

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The surface properties of 5 extended surfactant C12–14P mE2S solutions in pure water and 0.1 M NaCl were investigated through surface tension and electrical conductivity measurements. The surface properties measured include the critical micelle concentration (CMC), critical surface tension (γcmc), maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax), minimum area occupied per surfactant molecule (Amin), and efficiency in surface tension reduction (pC20). The CMC values of the 5 surfactants decreased with increasing polypropylene oxide number (PON) and were higher than those obtained in 0.1 M NaCl. The Γmax values showed a downward trend whereas the Amin values exhibited an upward trend with increasing PON without NaCl. The Γmax values were higher and the Amin values were lower than those obtained without 0.1 M NaCl. The CMC values increased at elevated temperatures. The CMC values of C12–14P3E2S, C12–14P5E2S, and C12–14P8E2S were similar but were markedly lower than those of C12–14E2S at different temperatures. When PON was less than 12, the log CMC value decreased linearly with increasing PON in the absence of salt, and the relationship between pC20 and PON was linear. But in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl, the log CMC value decreased exponentially with increasing PON.

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Γ_{\max} = - \frac{1}{2.303 italicnRT} \frac{normald γ}{normald \log C}

A_{\min} = \frac{1}{N_{A} Γ_{\max}}

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the Polypropylene Oxide Number on the Surface Properties of a Type of Extended Surfactant

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2018

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…Effect of polypropylene oxide intermediate size (PON) on the CMC and adsorption area(He et al, 2014;Lange and Schwuger, 1968;Liu et al, 2016;Witthayapanyanon et al, 2006) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended Surfactants Including an Alkoxylated Central Part Intermediate Producing a Gradual Polarity Transition—A Review of the Properties Used in Applications Such as Enhanced Oil Recovery and Polar Oil Solubilization in Microemulsions

Salager

Forgiarini

Márquez

2019

J Surfact & Detergents

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The research published in the past half century indicates that surfactant interfacial performance in producing low tension or high solubilization with polar oils is not generally attained with pure conventional species exhibiting well‐defined polar and nonpolar parts. The improvement trends reached with surfactant mixtures as well as the introduction of additives like cosurfactants and linkers lead to the introduction of the so‐called extended surfactants, whose structure includes an intermediate polarity spacer between the hydrophilic head and the lipophilic tail. Recent investigations on different kinds of surfactants in a variety of applications—such as detergency, cosmetics, enhanced oil recovery or crude demulsifying, and vegetable oil extraction—indicate that these extended surfactants are likely to be particularly performing with oils containing polar groups, such as triacylglycerols and asphaltenic crudes. Possible applications of extended surfactants in enhanced oil recovery, crude emulsion breaking, detergency and cleaning, medicine and cosmetics vehicles, and natural oil extraction as well as some other cases are quickly reviewed.

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“…These surfactants are not electric charged, and, thus, are less irritant and allow the incorporation of a great variety of active compounds to the formulations (Balcan et al, 2002;Liu, Pohl, 2008;He et al, 2014).…”

Section: Emulsified Systems Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle size and morphological characterization of cosmetic emulsified systems by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Prestes

Peres

Freitas

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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The physicochemical attributes of emulsified systems are influenced by the characteristics of their internal phase droplets (concentration, size and morphology), which can be modified not only by the formulation components, but also by the analytical methodology employed. Thus, the aim of this work involved the physicochemical characterization of cosmetic emulsions obtained from different surfactants, as well as the introduction of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) as the analytical technique employed for the morphological characterization and particle size determination of the formulations. Three emulsions were prepared, differing at the type and concentration of the surfactant used, and their droplet sizes were evaluated through optical microscopy, laser diffraction and OCT. The microscopic analysis and the laser diffraction techniques provided an average particle size minor than 6.0 µm, not detected by the OCT technique, which could identify only bigger particles of the emulsified systems' internal phase. The results testify that OCT was suitable for the morphological characterization of cosmetic emulsions; however, the technique needs to be improved to ensure a better sensitivity in the analysis of smaller particles.Uniterms: Cosmetic emulsions/physicochemical characterization. Surfactants. Optical coherence tomography/morphological characterization. Optical microscopy/morphological characterization. Laser diffraction/morphological characterization.Os atributos físico-químicos de sistemas emulsionados são influenciados pelas características de suas gotículas de fase interna (concentração, tamanho e morfologia), as quais podem ser modificadas não apenas pelos componentes da formulação, mas também pela metodologia analítica empregada. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho envolveu a caracterização físico-química de emulsões cosméticas obtidas a partir de diferentes tensoativos, bem como a introdução da tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) como a técnica analítica utilizada para a caracterização morfológica e determinação do tamanho de partícula das formulações. Três emulsões foram preparadas, diferindo no tipo e concentração do tensoativo empregado, e seus tamanhos de gotícula foram avaliados por meio das técnicas de microscopia óptica, difração a laser e OCT. As técnicas de microscopia óptica e difração a laser forneceram tamanhos de partícula médios menores de 6.0 µm, não detectados pela técnica de OCT, que permitiu apenas a identificação de partículas maiores pertencentes à fase interna dos sistemas emulsionados. Os resultados reforçam a introdução da OCT como metodologia promissora para a caracterização morfológica de emulsões cosméticas; no entanto, a técnica requer aprimoramento para garantir maior sensibilidade na análise de partículas de menor tamanho.Unitermos: Emulsões cosméticas/caracterização físico-química. Tensoativos. Tomografia de coerência óptica/caracterização morfológica. Microscopia óptica/ caracterização morfológica. Difração a laser/ caracterização morfológica.

show abstract

Extended surfactants: A well-designed spacer to improve interfacial performance through a gradual polarity transition

Cited by 50 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of the Polypropylene Oxide Number on the Surface Properties of a Type of Extended Surfactant

Effects of the Polypropylene Oxide Number on the Surface Properties of a Type of Extended Surfactant

Extended Surfactants Including an Alkoxylated Central Part Intermediate Producing a Gradual Polarity Transition—A Review of the Properties Used in Applications Such as Enhanced Oil Recovery and Polar Oil Solubilization in Microemulsions

Particle size and morphological characterization of cosmetic emulsified systems by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

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