Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: Risk Factors and Economic Burden Among Patients with Bloodstream Infections

Abstract

Introduction Although Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-EK) significantly contribute to bloodstream infections, their economic repercussions remain largely unquantified. Data Source and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of inpatients diagnosed with Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia in a tertiary hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 in Guangzhou, China. We employed the chi-square test to examine ESBL risk factors and utilized propensity score matching (PSM) to negate baseline confounding factors, assessing economic burden through disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), hospital costs and productivity losses. We employed mediation analysis to eliminate confounding factors and better identify ESBL sources of burden related. Results We found 166 ESBL-EC/KP BSI patients (52.2% of the total examined 318 patients). Post-PSM analysis revealed that ESBL-producing EC/KP will reduce the effectiveness of empirical medication by 19.8%, extend the total length of hospitalization by an average of 3 days, and increase the patient’s financial burden by US$2047. No significant disparity was found in overall mortality and mean DALYs between the groups. Mediation analysis showed that the link between ESBL and hospital costs is predominantly, if not entirely, influenced by the appropriateness of empirical antibiotic treatment and length of hospital stay. Conclusion Patients with BSI due to ESBL-producing ESBL-EK incur higher costs compared to those with non-ESBL-EK BSI. This cost disparity is rooted in varying rates of effective empirical antimicrobial therapy and differences in hospital stay durations. A nuanced approach, incorporating a thorough understanding of regional epidemiological trends and judicious antibiotic use, is crucial for mitigating the financial impact on patients.

Genetic Analyses of Rare ESBL ST628 Klebsiella pneumoniae Detected during a Protracted Nosocomial Outbreak in the United Kingdom

“…Antimicrobial-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) encoding extendedspectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes are emerging globally and are associated with increased hospital stays, poor patient outcomes and rising healthcare costs [1]. Notably, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae (3GR-Kp) has been associated with increased in-hospital mortality and longer hospital stays [2].…”