Extended spectrum beta-lactamase production and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance among lactose non-fermenting nterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry sources in Calabar, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated the co-carriage of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing lactose non-fermenting (LNF) Enterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry birds. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between September, 2016 and March, 2017. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. ESBL screening disc kit was used to detect ESBL activities. Detection of ESBL and PMQR genes was carried out by means of polymerase chain reaction. In total, 207 LNF Enterobacteriaeae isolates were recovered from the cloacal swabs of poultry birds within the Calabar Metropolis. ESBL-producing isolates were 162 (78.3%) while fluroquinolone resistant isolates were 194 (93.7%). Among the ESBL-producing isolates, resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Nalidixic acid was 55 (34.2%), 26 (16.1%), 35 (21.7%), 50 (31.1%), and 162 (100%), respectively. About 65% of the quinolone resistant isolates were positive for at least one of the PMQR and ESBL genes in this study. Strict antimicrobial screening, surveillance of resistant isolates as well as the judicious practice of antimicrobial administration in the poultry setting with special emphasis on fluoroquinolones is advised given the high prevalence of co-existent ESBL and PMQR genes.

Molecular Characterization of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone resistance in Urinary Escherichia coli from some Healthcentres in Nasarawa-West Senatorial District, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

“…Recent reports indicate that quinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae may be due to plasmid resistance genes namely: oqxAB, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and qepA [1,10] .The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes namely: qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS code for proteins belonging to the pentapeptide repeat family interacting with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes to prevent the interaction of the quinolone with the enzymes [11] . The PMQR gene; aac(6′)-Ib-cr captured as a variant of aminoglycoside acetyltransferase, diminishes the fluoroquinolone activity by adding an acetyl group to this antimicrobial agent [12] .The quinolone efflux pump gene (qepA), is a proton-dependent transporter, which causes hydrophilic quinolone resistance, especially to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin [13] .…”