Extended spectrum beta‐lactamase producing Shiga‐toxin producing‐Escherichia coliin piglets, humans and water sources in North East region of India

Abstract

Significance and Impact of the Study: Multidrug resistant (MDR) enteric bacteria are global concern. Association of MDR traits in STEC isolates are another rising issue in human and animal health perspective. The interaction of such organisms among the human, domestic animals and adjoining water sources require to be analysed systematically. The present study exhibited the possible transmission of MDR-STEC among the human, domestic animals and water sources in the North eastern states of India. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such kind in India. AbstractExtended spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL) producing Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) are posing a constant threat to public health throughout the world leading to serious infections and raising key therapeutic issues. A total of 219 fecal samples were collected from piglets with diarrheoa, pig farmers and water sources in North East India; and were processed for isolation of Escherichia coli. The isolates were screened for antimicrobial resistance and suspected isolates for ESBLs production by double-disk synergy test (DDST). Escherichia coli isolates positive for DDST were subjected for detection of selected ESBL/beta-lactamase genes and virulence associated genes by PCR. By DDST, 337 (67Á94%) E. coli isolates were detected as ESBLs producer, of which 211 (66Á98%), 117 (70Á91%) and 9 (56Á25%) isolates were from piglets, humans and water sources respectively. A total of 64 (12Á90%) isolates were recorded as STEC, of which 48 (9Á68%), 6 (1Á21%) and 10 (2Á02%) were from human, piglets and water respectively. Majority of the STEC isolates (64Á06%) possessed multiple virulence genes, of which 59Á38% also harboured ESBL/ beta-lactamase genes with 32Á81% STEC isolates being positive for multiple ESBL/beta-lactamase genes.Letters in Applied Microbiology ISSN 0266-8254

Higher prevalence of multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli in unorganized pig farms compared to organized pig farms in Mizoram, India

“…Interestingly, E. coli isolates from unorganized farms exhibited higher resistance against majority of the commonly used antimicrobials in Mizoram. It may be due to overuse of antibiotics through self-medication, introduction of antimicrobial residues through swill feeding or even through environmental contamination, particularly contaminated water [4]. Most of the ESBLs producing organisms were also co-resistant to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and COT, which corroborates with the earlier findings [14], where the ESBLs producing enteric bacteria were found to be resistant to other groups of antibiotics including aminoglycosides, TE, sulfonamides, TR, and chloramphenicol.…”

“…An ESBL-producing E. coli possessing bla CTX-M and bla SHV associated with human diarrhea has been reported in India [12]. Puii et al [4] also reported the prevalence of ESBL producing genes (bla TEM , bla CTX-M , and bla CMY ) in the enteric bacteria of pig population in Northeastern India.…”

“…Development and dissemination of resistance traits from the resistant E. coli to other groups of bacteria are multifaceted and are probably evolving constantly. Reports on multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in human [2], animals [3], or environment [4] are well documented throughout the world by various workers.…”

“…Over the years, many β-lactam antibiotics have been developed; however, with each new class of antibiotics, a new β-lactamase emerged that caused resistance to that class of drug [9]. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are the rapidly evolving group of β-lactamase enzymes produced by the Gram-negative bacteria, which have the ability to hydrolyze all cephalosporins and aztreonam but are inhibited by clavulanic acid [4]. In addition to the ESBLs production, coresistance against other antimicrobial agents such as sulfa, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines (TE) are also reported among the E. coli isolates by various workers [10].…”

Genomic features and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from food in Chile

“…Regardless of the virulence of STEC strains, bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a problem that threatens animal and public health globally. Indeed, STEC strains exhibiting multidrug‐resistant profiles to β‐lactams, phenicols, quinolones, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and/or tetracyclines have been identified worldwide (Ahmed & Shimamoto, 2015; Colello, Krüger et al., 2018; Furlan et al., 2019; Mir & Kudva, 2019; Park et al., 2015; Puii et al., 2019). Although antimicrobials are not usually used in the treatment of STEC infections, the presence of antimicrobial‐resistant zoonotic bacteria in food has been documented, constituting a high risk of both human medicine and veterinary medicine, as the pool of genes from which pathogenic bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance has increased (Poirel et al., 2018; Verraes et al., 2013), and can be easily exchanged between different bacterial species, in their hosts and in the environment (Kennedy et al., 2017).…”