Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in cattle production – a threat around the world

Abstract

Food producing animal is a global challenge in terms of antimicrobial resistance spread. Extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are relevant opportunistic pathogens that may spread in many ecological niches of the One Health approach as human, animal and environment due to intestinal selection of antimicrobial resistant commensals in food production animals. Cattle production is a relevant ecological niche for selection of commensal bacteria with antimicrobial resistance from microbiota. Enterobacteriaceae show importance in terms of circulation of resistant-bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes via food chain creating a resistance reservoir, setting up a threat for colonization of humans and consequent health risk. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are a threat in terms of human health responsible for life threatening outbreaks and silent enteric colonization of community populations namely the elder population. Food associated colonization is a risk difficult to handle and control. In a time of globalization of food trading, population intestinal colonization is a mirror of food production and in that sense this work aims to make a picture of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in animal production for food over the world in order to make some light in this reality of selection of resistant threats in food producing animal.

ESBL and AmpC β-Lactamase Encoding Genes in E. coli From Pig and Pig Farm Workers in Vietnam and Their Association With Mobile Genetic Elements

“…It is widely suggested that the livestock sector may be an important source of antimicrobial resistance genes, including ESBL/AmpC encoding genes, found in humans. The transfer mainly happens through horizontal spread of mobile elements ( Zaja̧c et al, 2019 ; Dantas Palmeira and Ferreira, 2020 ). To elucidate the level of transmission of ESBL/AmpC genes in E. coli from pig and pig farmers in Vietnam, we performed a detailed genetic analysis of E. coli strains, which harbored such genes, and we analyzed the location of genes in the genome.…”

Antimicrobial Resistance in Agri-Food Chain and Companion Animals as a Re-emerging Menace in Post-COVID Epoch: Low-and Middle-Income Countries Perspective and Mitigation Strategies

“…In cows, ESBL-producers with multiple CTX-M variants were reported from mostly fecal sources and mastitic milk with a preponderance of CTXM-1 and CTXM-15 variants. Among other common types of the ESBLs in bovines from various LMICs were SHV-180, OXA-10, SHV-5 (Turkey), SHV-12 (Turkey and Egypt), SHV-180 (India), OXA-30 (Egypt), and TEM (India) (78). A number of studies conducted by our group revealed the presence of some ESBL variants in bovine mastitis wherein we could not trace any known ESBL genes by PCR screeningexistence of a novel ESBL mechanism in this part cannot be ruled out (79,80).…”

Genotypic antimicrobial resistance characterization of E. coli from dairy calves at high risk of respiratory disease administered enrofloxacin or tulathromycin

“…Furthermore, this study used CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the causal role of gyrA mutation in the quinolone resistance by inducing gyrA mutations in nucleotide 248 C to T and was able to successfully demonstrate the role of this mutation resulting in resistance to quinolone drugs. CTX-M and bla-TEM are some of the predominant ESBLs, and are of specific relevance due to concerns of these genes in food-producing animals, including beef and dairy cattle [30][31][32][33][34][35] . A growing number of reports have indicated a timely apprehension with increased prevalence of ESBL E. coli isolates that are also resistant to quinolone drugs, given that cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone drugs are the common treatment of choice for infections caused by E. coli that require use of antimicrobial drugs [36][37][38] .…”