Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in Indonesia and South East Asian countries: GLASS Data 2018

Abstract

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;Antimicrobial resistance is the rising global health issue that should not be ignored. This problem needs to be addressed and professionally handled since it is starting to threaten global health, which eventually could lead to disaster. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria were found threatening lives, since most antibiotics were found to not be effective in treating patients with infections caused by those bacteria. ESBL-producing &lt;italic&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/italic&gt; and &lt;italic&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/italic&gt; are the two most reported bacteria in causing the bacteremia and nosocomial infections worldwide. In this article, the prevalence of ESBL-producing &lt;italic&gt;E. coli&lt;/italic&gt; and &lt;italic&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/italic&gt; in causing blood stream and urinary tract infections in Indonesia were compared to the neighboring countries based on the global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system performed worldwide by World Health Organization (WHO). In this article, the prevalence of ESBL-producing &lt;italic&gt;E. coli&lt;/italic&gt; and &lt;italic&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/italic&gt; in Indonesia and its neighboring countries were assayed and compared in order to evaluate the antimicrobial resistances. By comparing the prevalence data to the neighboring countries, some insightful evidence and information was served to support improved health in Indonesia. Some hurdles and strategies in combating the antimicrobial resistances were further discussed. Eventually, an alternate solution to overcome the antimicrobial drug resistance should be well-provided, studied and implemented globally.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetat Fraction of Basil Leave (Ocimum Basilicum L) Toward Escherichia Coli Growth

“…The bacteria that currently can cause health problems, especially in Indonesia, is Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli often causes infections in the urinary tract and bile duct and causes diarrhea (Sunarno et al, 2023). Diarrhea is the second cause of death in children under five years old and is the cause of death in about 760,000 children every year.…”

Untitled

“…The third-generation cephalosporins have been very widely used in Indonesia due to their cheap price, broad-spectrum, and clinical efficacy in the past few years [1]. This situation raises concerns about the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, in particular the extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-pE) in Indonesian hospitals as many studies reported that use of the third generation cephalosporines as a risk factor for the increase of ESBL-pE prevalence [2,3]. The Indonesia National Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance (KPRA) reported that the prevalence of blood stream infections caused by ESBL-pE in Indonesian hospitals increased from 40.0% on average in 2013 to 62.2% in 2016 [1].…”