Extended spectrum beta-lactamase and fluoroquinolone resistance genes and plasmids amongEscherichia coliisolates from zoo animals, Czech Republic

Abstract

Commensal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy zoo animals kept in Ostrava Zoological Garden, Czech Republic, were investigated to evaluate the dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. A total of 160 faecal samples of various animal species were inoculated onto MacConkey agar with cefotaxime (2 mg L(-1)) or ciprofloxacin (0.05 mg L(-1)) to obtain ESBL- or PMQR-positive E. coli isolates. Clonality of E. coli isolates was investigated by multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Plasmids carrying ESBL or PMQR genes were typed by PCR-based replicon typing, plasmid multilocus sequence typing and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Forty-nine (71%, n = 69) cefotaxime-resistant and 15 (16%, n = 94) ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates harboured ESBL or PMQR genes. Isolates were assigned to 18 sequence types (ST) and 20 clusters according to their macrorestriction patterns by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The genes blaCTX -M-1 and qnrS1 were detected on highly related IncI1 plasmids assigned to clonal complex 3 (ST3, ST38) and on non-related IncN plasmids of ST1 and ST3, respectively. The gene qnrS1 was located on related IncX1 plasmids. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance is associated with spreading of particular E. coli clones and plasmids of specific incompatibility groups among various animal species.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Salmonella enterica in Captive Wildlife and Exotic Animal Species in Ohio, USA

“…These findings suggest that pathways of Salmonella contamination and shedding by infected wild animals are multifaceted and environmental contamination through direct and indirect sources such as animals, environment, humans and feed sources could play important roles. Salmonellae are known to carry plasmids associated with antimicrobial resistance and virulence and the emergence of multidrug‐resistant Salmonella strains poses serious risk to public health as well as that of highly valued wild mammalian species (Dobiasova et al., ). Three isolates in the present study, S .…”

Plasmid-Mediated Resistance to Cephalosporins and Fluoroquinolones in Various Escherichia coli Sequence Types Isolated from Rooks Wintering in Europe

“…The AmpC production phenotype of isolates positive by the CC-DDS method but negative for all AmpC genes tested was confirmed using a MASTDISCS ID AmpC and ESBL test (Mast Diagnostics, Merseyside, United Kingdom). Each ESBL-producing isolate was screened by PCR for the following resistance genes responsible for the ESBL-producing phenotype: bla CTX-M , bla TEM , bla OXA , and bla SHV (18). Specific primers for determination of CTX-M subgroups were used (19,20).…”

“…The sequence type of the bla CMY gene was determined using forward primer CMY 2/F (5=-AACACACTGATTGCG TCT-3=) and reverse primer CMY 2/R (5=-CTGGGCCTCATCGTCAGT-3=), based on the reference sequence with GenBank accession number HQ680723. The colonies grown on MCA with ciprofloxacin were investigated for PMQR genes qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, aac(6=)-Ib-cr, qepA, and oqxAB (18). All PCR products of the ESBL, AmpC, and PMQR genes were analyzed by sequencing.…”

Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance

“…PMQR genes have been found in samples from domestic or wild birds (75, 86, 148, 149), cats (75, 81, 112, 150), cattle (151, 152), chickens (75, 86, 153–160), dogs (75, 81, 112, 150, 156, 161), ducks (101, 156, 160, 162), fish (163–165), geese (101, 156, 160, 162), horses (81, 86, 166), pigs (75, 101, 155, 156, 160, 162, 167), rabbits (168), reptiles (155, 169), sheep (155), turkeys (155), and zoo animals (170–172). …”