Extended spectrum beta-lactamase and fluoroquinolone resistance genes among Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from children with diarrhea, Burkina Faso.

Abstract

Background: The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR) has become a major public health concern worldwide. This resistance is caused by enzymes-mediated genes (i.e., extended spectrum beta-lactamases) that are common in certain Enterobacterioceae species. However, the distribution of these genes is poorly documented in Burkina Faso. This study aims to determine the prevalence and distribution of the resistant genes coding for broad spectrum beta-lactamases and quinolones in rural Burkina Faso.Methods: Multiplex PCR assays were carried out to detect ESBL-encoding genes, including blaOXA, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV. The assays also assessed the presence of quinolone resistance gene namely qnrA, qnrB and qnrS in the quinolone-resistance DEC and Salmonella strains.Results: The Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) resistance phenotype was reported in all the E. coli isolates (5/5). Cross-resistance phenotype to quinolones (CRQ) was shown by one Salmonella strain (1/9) and three E. coli (3/5). Cross-resistance phenotypes to fluoroquinolones (CRFQ) were harboured by one Salmonella (1/9) and carbapenemase phenotypes were detected in two E. coli strains (2/5). Whilst the blaOXA genes were detected in 100% (5/5) of E. coli isolates and in 33.33% (3/9) Salmonella isolates. One strain of E. coli (1/5) harbored the blaCTX-M gene and the qnrB gene simultaneously.Conclusions: This study identified β-lactam (bla) and quinolone resistance (qnr) genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp. in rural Burkina Faso. Our finding which highlighted the enterobacteriaceae strains resistance to β-lactams and quinolones are of high interest for adequate management of antimicrobial resistant genes outbreak in Burkina Faso.

Beta-Lactamase-Producing Genes and Integrons in Escherichia coli from Diarrheal Children in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

“…Our results showed 19.4% of SHV-type ESBLproducing E. coli which is a little similar to 21% detected in Pakistan [42]. By cons, this prevalence is higher than 0% [9] and 5.9% [17], previously reported in Burkina Faso but lower than 45% reported in Iran [27]. The bla CTX-M gene (Figure 4) has been detected in three E. coli isolates, while its prevalence was 25% in our earlier report [9] and 40.1% by a study conducted in Enterobacteriaceae from Burkinabe patients [17].…”

“…In the present study, OXA-type ESBL-producing DEC strains (38.7%) were the most frequently detected ESBL gene. This prevalence is lower than that reported in our previous study in rural area of Burkina Faso: 100% [9], also lower comparatively to 52% reported in Pakistan [42]. However, a recent study in young children reported 3% of commensal E. coli bearing the bla OXA gene in Bangladesh [41].…”

“…To survive the effects of antibiotics, some Enterobacterales can produce enzymes called extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) that break down and destroy some commonly used antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins, and make these drugs ineffective for treating infections [4]. Over the last decade, many studies have reported the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-mediated resistance in Gram-negative bacteria causing infections in patients [5][6][7][8][9]. Infections that can be caused by ESBL-producing bacteria include urinary tract infection (UTI), diarrhea, skin infections, and pneumonia [10].…”

“…In Burkina Faso, there is an emergence of β-lactam-resistant enterobacteria, both in rural and urban areas [9,[15][16][17]. Otherwise, carbapenemase-encoding genes are widespread in many parts of the world [18].…”

Identification and characterization of multidrug‐resistant ESBL‐producing Salmonella enterica serovars Kentucky and Typhimurium isolated in Tunisia CTX‐M‐61/TEM‐34, a novel cefotaxime‐hydrolysing β‐lactamase of Salmonella

“…S. enterica producing β-lactamases of OXA type have been reported in France (Le Hello et al, 2013) and Switzerland (Seiffert et al, 2014). Also recently it has been reported in Salmonella isolated from children with diarrhoea in Burkina Faso (Dembélé et al 2020).…”