Extended hypercube: a hierarchical interconnection network of hypercubes

Kumar, J.M.; Patnaik, L. M.

doi:10.1109/71.113081

Cited by 117 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is proving somewhat difficult for standard (flat) interconnection network topologies to scale to large numbers of processors while satisfying these cost and performance constraints, so in recent years, there has been a strong interest in clustered hierarchical networks [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]. Hierarchical networks take a modular approach to network design, where local clusters of processors are connected using an intracluster network.…”

Section: Scalable Optical Crossbar-connected Interconnection Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, we propose a class of all-optical, highly scalable, hierarchical [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15] network architectures, referred to as the Scalable Optical Crossbar-Connected Interconnection Networks (SOCNs). A SOCN class network is a two-level hierarchical network that is based on a fully connected wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) crossbar interconnect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A class of highly scalable optical crossbar-connected interconnection networks (SOCNs) for parallel computing systems

Webb

Louri

2000

IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst.

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AbstractÐA class of highly scalable interconnect topologies called the Scalable Optical Crossbar-Connected Interconnection Networks (SOCNs) is proposed. This proposed class of networks combines the use of tunable Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSEL's), Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and a scalable, hierarchical network architecture to implement large-scale optical crossbar based networks. A free-space and optical waveguide-based crossbar interconnect utilizing tunable VCSEL arrays is proposed for interconnecting processor elements within a local cluster. A similar WDM optical crossbar using optical fibers is proposed for implementing intercluster crossbar links. The combination of the two technologies produces large-scale optical fan-out switches that could be used to implement relatively low cost, large scale, high bandwidth, low latency, fully connected crossbar clusters supporting up to hundreds of processors. An extension of the crossbar network architecture is also proposed that implements a hybrid network architecture that is much more scalable. This could be used to connect thousands of processors in a multiprocessor configuration while maintaining a low latency and high bandwidth. Such an architecture could be very suitable for constructing relatively inexpensive, highly scalable, high bandwidth, and fault-tolerant interconnects for large-scale, massively parallel computer systems. This paper presents a thorough analysis of two example topologies, including a comparison of the two topologies to other popular networks. In addition, an overview of a proposed optical implementation and power budget is presented, along with analysis of proposed media access control protocols and corresponding optical implementation.

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Section: Scalable Optical Crossbar-connected Interconnection Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A class of highly scalable optical crossbar-connected interconnection networks (SOCNs) for parallel computing systems

Webb

Louri

2000

IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst.

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“…The lack of scalability of the hypercube stems from the fact that the node degree is not bounded and varies as log 2 N, where N is the total number of nodes. This property makes the hypercube cost prohibitive for large N. Most hypercube-based interconnection networks proposed in the literature [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15] suffer from similar size scalability problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A spanning multichannel linked hypercube: a gradually scalable optical interconnection network for massively parallel computing

Louri

Weech

Neocleous

1998

IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst.

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Abstract-A new, scalable interconnection topology called the Spanning Multichannel Linked Hypercube (SMLH) is proposed. This proposed network is very suitable to massively parallel systems and is highly amenable to optical implementation. The SMLH uses the hypercube topology as a basic building block and connects such building blocks using two-dimensional multichannel links (similar to spanning buses). In doing so, the SMLH combines positive features of both the hypercube (small diameter, high connectivity, symmetry, simple routing, and fault tolerance) and the spanning bus hypercube (SBH) (constant node degree, scalability, and ease of physical implementation), while at the same time circumventing their disadvantages. The SMLH topology supports many communication patterns found in different classes of computation, such as bus-based, mesh-based, and tree-based problems, as well as hypercube-based problems. A very attractive feature of the SMLH network is its ability to support a large number of processors with the possibility of maintaining a constant degree and a constant diameter. Other positive features include symmetry, incremental scalability, and fault tolerance. It is shown that the SMLH network provides better average message distance, average traffic density, and queuing delay than many similar networks, including the binary hypercube, the SBH, etc. Additionally, the SMLH has comparable performance to other high-performance hypercubic networks, including the Generalized Hypercube and the Hypermesh. An optical implementation methodology is proposed for SMLH. The implementation methodology combines both the advantages of free space optics with those of wavelength division multiplexing techniques. A detailed analysis of the feasibility of the proposed network is also presented.

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“…The product (diameter × node degree) is a good criterion for measuring the relationship between cost and performance of a multiprocessor system [5]. An interconnection network with a large diameter has a very low message passing bandwidth, and a network with a high node degree is very expensive.…”

Section: Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

TTN: A High Performance Hierarchical Interconnection Network for Massively Parallel Computers

Rahman

Inoguchi²,

Sato³

et al. 2009

IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst.

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SUMMARYInterconnection networks play a crucial role in the performance of massively parallel computers. Hierarchical interconnection networks provide high performance at low cost by exploring the locality that exists in the communication patterns of massively parallel computers. A Tori connected Torus Network (TTN) is a 2D-torus network of multiple basic modules, in which the basic modules are 2D-torus networks that are hierarchically interconnected for higher-level networks. This paper addresses the architectural details of the TTN and explores aspects such as node degree, network diameter, cost, average distance, arc connectivity, bisection width, and wiring complexity. We also present a deadlock-free routing algorithm for the TTN using four virtual channels and evaluate the network's dynamic communication performance using the proposed routing algorithm under uniform and various non-uniform traffic patterns. We evaluate the dynamic communication performance of TTN, TESH, MH3DT, mesh, and torus networks by computer simulation. It is shown that the TTN possesses several attractive features, including constant node degree, small diameter, low cost, small average distance, moderate (neither too low, nor too high) bisection width, and high throughput and very low zero load latency, which provide better dynamic communication performance than that of other conventional and hierarchical networks.

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Extended hypercube: a hierarchical interconnection network of hypercubes

Cited by 117 publications

References 19 publications

A class of highly scalable optical crossbar-connected interconnection networks (SOCNs) for parallel computing systems

A class of highly scalable optical crossbar-connected interconnection networks (SOCNs) for parallel computing systems

A spanning multichannel linked hypercube: a gradually scalable optical interconnection network for massively parallel computing

TTN: A High Performance Hierarchical Interconnection Network for Massively Parallel Computers

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