Extended gain bandwidth low ripple hybrid Raman-parametric amplifier design for PON applications

Optimization of gain bandwidth and gain ripple of a hybrid Raman/parametric amplifier for access network applications

“…Nevertheless, these approaches did not include in their theoretical treatment the fourth-order dispersion coefficient (β 4 ) of the optical fiber. This omission, as we will show, may overestimate or underestimate the bandwidth of the combined amplifier, depending on the relative difference between the OPA pump wavelength (λ P ) and the zero dispersion wavelength (λ o ) [32].…”

“…To our knowledge, the effect of β 4 on the gain, gain bandwidth, and gain ripple has not been considered in HROPA. We show that β 4 must be included in the model when designing for wide bandwidth operation [32]. We also show that it is possible to achieve large amplification bandwidth (e.g., 170 nm) with a ripple of <5 dB.…”

“…(7) in the estimation and optimization of the Raman and OPA parameters (e.g., power and wavelength) [30,31]. However, depending on the position of the OPA pump wavelength (λ p ), the omission of β 4 can lead to overestimation or underestimation of the gain bandwidth [32]. shows a comparison of gain curves with and without the contribution of β 4 for three different values of Δλ P0 .…”

Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Raman Optical Parametric Amplifier in the O- and E-Bands for CWDM PONs

“…It exhibited a 208-nm bandwidth and a gain in excess of 10 dB; however, a very high gain ripple of ~12 dB [5] made it inappropriate for network-type applications; furthermore, the effect of the generation of multiple idler wavelengths from the parametric process was not addressed. Recently, we presented the results for a 170-nm bandwidth HROPA with <4 dB gain ripple and minimum gain of 20 dB using only three pumps operating only at the upper band (e.g., 1450 nm-1610 nm) of the CWDM wavelengths [6][7][8].…”